【作者】 黄家颖； 吴国宏；

【Author】 Jiaying Huang;Fudan University;

【机构】 复旦大学； 复旦大学心理学系；

【摘要】 情绪表达规则的发展作为儿童理解和运用情绪能力的指标之一,是儿童情绪智力和社会交往能力发展的重要组成部分,相关研究多采用故事情境法和自然实验法进行测量。研究选取93名普通小学一年级学生,分别通过包含积极和消极情境的故事情境问答和自然实验法的失望礼物测试得到儿童对情绪表达规则的理解和应用能力水平,考察两种测量方式之间的关系,并通过提名法得到儿童被同伴接纳与被同伴拒绝的程度,研究儿童理解和应用情绪表达规则的水平对同伴关系的影响。结果发现:(1)小学一年级儿童在故事情境法中消极情境下的情绪表达规则知识水平与消极情境的自然实验法中的消极维度反应显著负相关,两种测量方法之间存在一定的关联;(2)小学一年级儿童对情绪表达规则的理解和应用能力水平不存在显著的性别差异;(3)无论是积极还是消极情境中,对情绪表达规则理解水平越高的儿童被同伴接纳的程度越高;(4)在失望礼物测试中表现出积极维度反应更多的儿童被同伴接纳的程度更高。小学一年级儿童已经具备一定水平的情绪表达规则知识,但还无法完全将这种知识运用于实践,他们对情绪表达规则的理解和应用能力与同伴接纳的程度相关,能够正确认识内在与表面情绪的不同、能在消极情境中表现出更多积极反应的儿童更容易被同伴接纳,这一结果提示了一种培养儿童情绪智力和社会交往能力的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of children’s emotional display rules,as an ability to understand and utilize emotions,is an important component of children’s emotional intelligence and social skills.There are two main measurements of emotional display rules.Researchers can study the children’s emotional display rules knowledge by asking the different emotions the character in the story expresses and actually feels or they can observe children’s reaction in a designed situation(most widely used is the disappointing present reaction test).The participants are 93 grade 1 students from an ordinary elementary school.The present research examines the different results between these two measurements.Besides,the research studies the relationship between children’s ability of understanding and utilizing emotional display rules and their peer acceptance/peer rejection which was measured by asking the participants to name three classmates they like and dislike.The results show that:(1) there is a significant correlation between grade 1 children’s emotional display rules knowledge in negative situations and their negative responses in the disappointing present reaction test;(2)there is no significant gender differences in children’s ability of understanding and utilizing of emotional display rules;(3)in both positive and negative situations,children with a higher level of emotional display rules knowledge are more liked by classmates;(4) children who perform more positive responses in the disappointing present reaction test are more appreciated by classmates.To summary,grade 1 children have already developed a certain degree of emotional display rules knowledge,but they cannot fully utilize these knowledge in practice.What’s more,children with better ability of understanding and utilizing emotional display rules can get more peer acceptance.Those who are able to correctly identify the difference between expressional emotion and real feeling are more likely to be appreciated by their classmates,and so do those who can perform more positive reactions in a disappointing situation.This research suggests a possible way to promote children’s emotional intelligence and social skills by educating and practicing emotional display rules.更多还原