【作者】 王华容； 谭顶良；

【Author】 Wang Hua-rong;Tan Ding-liang;Institute of Nautical Medicine,Nantong University;School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University;

【机构】 南通大学航海医学研究所； 南京师范大学；

【摘要】 视觉搜索能力是影响行人行为决策的重要因素。本研究旨在探讨小学生视觉搜索的发展水平及特点。在江苏省南通市某小学随机选择160名一年级(42名)、二年级(43名)、四年级(41名)和六年级(34名)小学生为研究对象,同时招募41名成人大学生为对照组。所有被试参加两个实验:"指出不同"任务(实验1)、模拟道路情境过马路决策眼动任务(实验2),并采用Smart Eyepro5.9三维眼动仪采集眼动数据。实验顺序进行平衡。其中,实验1采用5(年龄段)×2(性别)×6(不同处数量)混合实验设计,年龄段与性别为被试间变量,不同处数量为被试内变量。实验2采用5(年龄段)×2(性别)×3(同侧车道车辆状况)×2(有无斑马线)×3(视线遮挡状况)混合实验设计,年龄段与性别为被试间变量,同侧车道车辆状况、斑马线及视线遮挡状况为被试内变量。结果发现:(1)随年龄增长,小学生"指出不同"的正确性与效率逐渐提高,但与成人仍存在明显差距,性别差异不显著。(2)与成人相比,小学生过马路决策的时间较长,一年级小学生过马路的冒险频率和错失频率明显高于其他年龄组。(3)在过马路决策任务中,成人组被试在兴趣区的注视持续时间及注视次数均明显高于小学生各年级组。女生对斑马线的注视持续时间和注视次数明显多于男生。(4)小学生在过马路过程中,更多关注了斑马线,对同侧来车及弯道的关注较少。这一结果表明小学生视觉搜索水平随年龄升高逐渐提高,但与成人仍存在差距。对道路交通情境中的某些潜在危险关注较少,需在交通安全教育中加以关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Visual search is an important component of pedestrians’ interaction with traffic situation.We aimed to explore the development of pupils’ visual search as pedestrians.A sample of 160 Chinese pupils from urban school and41 adults completed two experiments:’spot the difference’ and decision-making to cross the road in simulated traffic situation.Eye Tracking System was used to record participants’ eye-movements.We found that compared with adults,pupils decided to cross the road much longer,and had more risk-taking and missing behaviors.Boy’s adventure crossing was more than girl.As pupils grow,their accuracy and efficiency in ’spot the difference’ improved continually.The adults’ fixation duration and count on important traffic factors was more than pupils.It’s clear that pupils’ traffic visual search ability goes up as they grow.However,they are still on a low level compared with adults.Visual search levels don’t vary with gender while strategies do.更多还原