【作者】 王杜娟； 杨昭宁；

【Author】 Wang Dujuan;Yang Zhaoning;Qufu normal university;

【机构】 曲阜师范大学教师教育学院；

【摘要】 解释水平理论提出,人们对事件的解释会随着对事件心理距离的知觉而发生系统改变,从而影响人们的反应。本研究基于解释水平理论,探讨不同解释水平对自我控制的影响,并通过两个研究验证认知负荷的调节作用。研究一考察被试的延迟偏好情况,采用WHY/HOW方法启动解释水平,被试须在即时和延迟一段时间情况下填写愿意购买所支付的人民币数量。结果发现高解释水平个体比低解释水平个体更倾向于偏好延迟,证实了Fujita等人(2006)的研究结论,即高解释水平能提高个体的自我控制,低解释水平降低个体的自我控制。研究二分别在有目标维持和无目标维持的情况下操纵认知负荷来考察解释水平对自我控制的影响。通过n-back任务以及stroop任务进行操纵,研究2(a)采用2(解释水平:高、低)×3(认知负荷:0-back、1-back、2-back)组间设计,研究2(b)采用2(解释水平:高、低)×2(数字stroop:比较字体大小、比较数值大小)组间设计。结果发现,解释水平与认知负荷的交互作用显著,(1)在n-back任务中,低解释水平个体在0-back任务下的正确率显著高于高解释水平个体的正确率,高解释水平个体在1-back和2-back任务下的正确率要显著高于低解释水平个体的正确率;(2)在stroop任务中,低解释水平个体在比较字体大小任务下的正确率显著高于高解释水平个体的正确率,高解释水平个体在比较数值大小任务下的正确率要显著高于低解释水平个体的正确率。研究结果表明,解释水平对自我控制的影响会受到认知负荷的调节作用,高解释水平个体在较难任务中(有认知负荷)表现较好,低解释水平水平个体在简单任务中(无认知负荷)表现较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Construal Level Theory is a theory about how psychological distance influence individual’s mental construal of objects,which could affect people’s reaction.Based on this,the study explored the effect of construal level on selfcontrol,and to investigate the modulation role of cognitive load through two studies.Study 1 adopted why/how to prime the construal level,subjects were required to fill out the amount of RMB payment both in immediate and delayed situations.The results showed that participants primed to high-level construals demonstrated preferred delayed outcomes over immediate more.High-level construal enhances self-control,low-level construal,by contrast,lead to failures of selfcontrol,which similar to the conclusion of Fujita et al.(2006).In study 2,we manipulated cognitive load under goal maintenance and non goal maintenance situations,which adopted n-back task and Stroop task respectively.Study2(a)used 2(construal level:high,low) * 3(cognitive load:0-back,l-back,2-back) between group design,study2(b) adopted2(construal level:high,low) * 2(Digit Stroop:comparison font size,comparison value size) between group design.Results showed that the interaction effect between the contrual level and cognitive load was significant.(1) In the n-back task,participants in the low-level construal condition performed higher correct rate under 0-back task than participants in the high-level construal,on the l-back and 2-back task,participants in the high-level construal condition performed higher correct rate than participants in the low-level construal.(2) In the stroop task,participants in the low-level construal condition performed higher correct rate under comparison font size task than participants in the high-level construal,on comparison value size task,participants in the high-level construal condition performed higher correct rate than participants in the low-level construal.Research results showed that the impact of construal level on self-control would be modulated by the cognitive load.Specificly,in high-contrual level condition individuals performed better than under the difficult task(cognitive load) than in the low-construal level condition individuals.Participants in low-contrual condition performed better than under the simple task(without cognitive load) than in the high-construal condition participants.更多还原