【作者】 孙颖； 蒋奖； 李彩娜；

【Author】 Ying Sun;Jiang Jiang;Caina Li;School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University;School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 陕西师范大学心理学院； 北京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 无意识目标追求是指个体在目标追求过程中与目标有关的环境线索可以自动激活相关目标,并影响着个体的认知与行为。在无意识目标追求的过程中人际关系(特别是重要他人)具有重要的影响。成人依恋作为个体与重要他人相处过程中形成的特殊情感联结,在亲密人际关系中起着重要的作用。其中,安全基地图式是安全依恋产生积极效应的基础,影响着个体的情感、认知与行为。因此,本研究试图激活个体的安全依恋基地图式进而启动其安全依恋,旨在考察安全依恋启动对无意识目标追求的影响。本研究采用问卷法和实验法相结合的方法考察安全依恋启动对目标追求的影响,共包含三个实验。实验一以106名大学生为被试,首先采用亲密关系体验量表(ECR)测量被试的特质依恋风格,然后进行回忆书写任务,随机分为三种启动分组(安全依恋启动、熟人启动、中性启动),最后完成词汇决策任务。结果表明,安全依恋启动组被试在成功相关词汇反应时上显著低于熟人启动组和中性控制组,而对中性词和非词无显著性差异。实验二以94名大学生为被试,首先完成ECR,之后随机分为三种启动分组,最后进行目标坚持常用范式——字谜任务。结果发现,安全依恋启动组被试在高难度字谜上所坚持的反应时要显著高于熟人启动组和中性控制组。实验三以94名大学生为被试,同实验一、二相同,完成ECR和调节焦点问卷,通过回忆书写任务进行启动分组,最后进行空间分类任务和再认任务。结果发现,安全依恋启动组被试在学业相关词汇反应时上显著快于熟人启动组和中性控制组,而在学业分心词汇反应时显著慢于中性控制组,在中性词上无显著差异。安全依恋启动组被试在数字再认的反应时显著快于熟人启动组和中性控制组,而在数字再认正确率上三组不存在显著差异。防御型调节焦点在安全依恋启动与目标追求之间具有调节作用。研究表明,安全依恋启动能够有效促进个体的目标追求,并且受到防御型调节焦点的调节作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nonconscious goal pursuit can be activated by certain environment cues about the goal and affects the subsequent cognition and behavior.Interpersonal relationship(especially significant others) plays the important role of nonconscious goal pursuit.As a special emotional bond with others,adult attachment has an important impact on individuals’ close relationships.Therefore,this study aims to explore the effect of secure attachment priming on unconscious goal pursuit and further extended the Broaden and Build Cycle of attachment security,thus finds the efficient way to promote goal pursuit.The research adopted three studies to examine the impact of attachment security on the unconscious goal pursuit.Study 1 examined the impact of attachment security priming on the goal accessibility.After completed the Experiences in Close Relationships scales(ECR),106 college students were randomly assigned into three priming groups,respectively for attachment security,acquaintance and control group.Then all of them finished lexical decision tasks.The results showed that the attachment security priming group’s reaction time of success-related word was significantly lower than acquaintance priming group and control group,and there was non-significant difference on neutral words and non-word.Study 2 adopted the puzzle task to examine the impact of attachment security priming on the goal persistent.94 college students completed the ECR,and then they were randomly assigned into three priming groups.Finally,all the participants finished puzzle task.The results showed that in high difficulty condition,the attachment security priming group’s perseverance time was significantly higher than acquaintance priming group and control group.Study 3 examined the impact of attachment security priming on the goal pursuit and the moderating role of regulatory focus between attachment security priming and goal pursuit.94 college students completed the ECR and Regulatory focus questionnaire,and then they were randomly assigned into three priming groups.Finally,all the participants finished space classification task and recognition task.The results showed that the attachment security priming group’s reaction time of academic-related word was significantly lower than acquaintance priming group and control group,significantly higher than control group on the academic distraction words,and there was non-significant differences on the neutral words.Attachment security priming group’s reaction time of digital recognition was significantly lower than acquaintance priming group and control group,and there was non-significant difference on digital recognition accuracy.The results found defensive focus served as the moderating role between them.All of these results confirmed that attachment security priming has a positive effect on goal pursuit,and defensive focus served as the moderating role.更多还原