【作者】 胡晨； 沈斌； 吴明证；

【Author】 Hu Chen;Shen Bin;Wu MingZheng;Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science,Zhejiang University;

【机构】 浙江大学心理与行为科学系；

【摘要】 社会阶层的心理学研究集中于对高、低社会阶层之间的静态差异进行分析,例如,认为高社会阶层比低社会阶层个体具有更高的自利倾向(Dubois,Rucker,&Galinsky,2015),而忽略了阶层之间动态变化的影响。本研究试图从阶层流动的角度出发,探讨个人社会阶层流动预期对自利倾向的影响及其可能的中介机制。共包括四项研究。研究一以6个自利分配情境为因变量,分析社会阶层流动预期对自利倾向的影响。结果发现,低主观社会阶层个体的社会阶层流动预期越高,自利分配比例越高,而高社会阶层个体不存在该现象。考虑到自利倾向可能导致道德妥协,因此研究二探讨了个体阶层流动预期和道德妥协的关系。研究二包括两项研究,通过道德妥协情境以探讨社会阶层流动预期对自利倾向的影响。结果发现,低主观社会阶层个体的社会阶层流动预期越高,道德妥协倾向越高,而高社会阶层个体不存在该现象。研究三通过实验的方法,采用虚拟的测评系统操纵被试的阶层流动预期。结果发现,相比于低社会阶层流动预期组,高预期组的个体更容易做出自利分配和道德妥协。研究四以公共资源困境和投资决策作为因变量,探讨共情作为社会阶层流动预期和自利倾向的心理机制的可能性。结果发现有中介的调节作用成立,即主观社会阶层和阶层流动预期对自利倾向的交互作用部分通过共情的中介实现。低主观社会阶层个体的阶层流动预期越高,通过共情水平的下降而导致更高的自利倾向。综上所述,本研究发现,个体的阶层流动预期降低了其共情的水平,由此导致其自利倾向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Previous studies of social class in psychology mainly focused on static differences between high and low social classes,for example,individual of higher class tends to value self-interest rather than public interest,while ignoring the influence of social mobility.To fill the gap,we conducted 4 studies to examine effects of the expectancy of social class mobility on self-interest tendency and underlying mediating mechanisms.Study 1 discussed the influence of expectancy of social class mobility on self-interest tendency under six different resource allocation scenarios.The results showed that the percentage of self-interest resource allocation increased with expectation on social mobility,but only for individuals perceived themselves as in lower(but not higher) social class.Considering self-interest tendency may lead to ethical compromises,Study 2 explored the effects of expectancy of class mobility on ethical compromises.In Study 2,the influence of expectancy of social class mobility on self-interest tendency was discussed under ethical compromises scenarios.Two sub-studies were conducted and the results indicated that among those who perceived low social rank,high expectancy of class mobility is positively related to ethical compromises,which could not apply to the population that perceived their social rank as high.Study 3 verified previous effects by experimentally manipulating participants’ expected social mobility with virtual social class measurement system.Consistent with previous findings,relatively to individuals who expected low social mobility,individuals expected high social mobility allocated more self-interest resource and showed higher ethical compromises.Study 4 was conducted to explore whether empathy could act as an underlying mediating mechanism in the relationship between expectancy of social class mobility and self-interest tendency by using common resource dilemmas and investment decisions paradigms.Results supported the mediated moderation model:the effect of expectancy of social class mobility on self-interest tendency was moderated by subjective social class,and this moderation effect was in turn mediated by empathy.That is to say,for individuals of lower subjective social classes,self-interest tendency increased with anticipated social mobility,with the effect being magnified by decreased empathy.Taken together,these results provided evidence for high expectancy of social mobility would lower their level of empathy,which would further lead to self-interestedness.更多还原