【作者】 李云云； 刘兴华； 刘芳； 闫春平； 张钦；

【Author】 Yunyun Li;Xinghua Liu;Fang Liu;Chunping Yan;Qin Zhang;The Department of Psychology at the Capital Normal University;

【机构】 首都师范大学心理系；

【摘要】 双重控制理论认为存在主动性控制和反应性控制两种模式。主动性控制容易受损,所以有很多针对生动性控制的训练策略的研究。但是没有考察对反应性控制训练的文章。研究表明正念训练能够促进认知控制和冲突解决,可以培养集中性注意和接受性注意。因此本研究的目的在于使用AX-CPT任务,考察正念训练对主动性和反应性两种不同认知控制模式的影响。首先根据被试有无正念练习经验进行分组,接受前测。然后将无经验者随机分为训练组和控制组,训练组的被试接受8周的正念训练,控制组只是等待同样时间,之后对两组进行后测。训练组要在后测三个月之后进行追踪测。同时,采用中国版五因素正念量表(FFMQ)对被试进行训练的前后测,考察正念训练对于被试正念水平的提升效果。结果发现,有经验组AY和BY试次错误率低于无经验组。表明有经验组主动性控制和反应性控制都更好。正念组和对照组后测AY试次错误率都低于前测,可能反应性控制是通过练习得到增强的。正念组追踪测BY试次错误率显著低于前测,且正念组后测BX和BY反应时快于对照组,显示正念组的主动性控制得到了持久增强。在FFMQ分数上,训练组的后测分数比前测高,且比控制组后测分数高。意味着本研究中的正念训练有效提高了被试的正念水平。总的来说,正念训练有助于对目标的保持,能够增强主动性控制,同时正念训练也能够促进反应性控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dual mechanisms of cognitive control suggested that cognitive control performing through proactive and reactive control modes.Many researches explored training methods on proactive control because of its vulnerability to impair.Yet few report investigated training of reactive control.Studies illustrated mindfulness training improve executive control and conflict resolution,and develop concentrate attention and receptive attention.The purpose of this study,then,was to exam the effects of mindfulness training on proactive and reactive control by using the AX-CPT(continuous performance test).At section 1,mediation experienced subjects and novices were given pre-training test.At section 2,the novices were arranged to training group or control group randomly.The training group received an 8-week mindfulness training,while control group just wait.Both two groups were given post-training test.The training group had a third test three months later.The pre and post training scores of Chinese version Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ)were recorded to investigate effect of the training on improving subjects’ mindfulness level.The results showed that error rates on AY and BY were lower for mediation experienced group than novices.Suggesting both the proactive and reactive controls are better in mediation people.The error rates on AY of post training reduced relatively to pre training for both of mindfulness and control groups.That might means the enhancement of reactive control was resulted from practice effect.The error rates on BY of the third test decreased relatively to first test for experiment group.The RT(reaction time) on BX and BY of post test was faster in experiment group than in control group.Those results demonstrated the proactive control strategy was lasting enhanced in mindfulness subjects.In conclusion,mindfulness training facilitates maintenance of target and improves proactive control effectively.The reactive control is also better in experienced mediations.更多还原