【作者】 陈晓燕； 莫秀锋；

【Author】 Chen Xiaoyan;Mo Xiufeng;Guangxi Normal University;

【机构】 广西师范大学教育学部；

【摘要】 公平认知是儿童道德发展的一项重要内容,儿童的公平分配行为是亲社会行为的具体体现之一,同样是儿童道德发展的重要组成部分。已有研究发现,儿童的公平分配行为受到许多因素的影响,如个体心理理论发展水平、资源数量、情绪体验及分配者与分配对象的社会关系等。在有关儿童同伴接纳的研究中,已有研究证实,同伴接纳程度越高的儿童,其社会认知水平和亲社会行为水平相对来说也较高。公平认知既属一种社会认知,而公平分配行为属于一种重要的亲社会行为,那么同伴接纳与儿童公平分配行为及公平认知之间是否也存在一定关系,目前还未有研究证实。最早对儿童的公平认知进行大量研究的是皮亚杰,他的故事访谈法是进行儿童公平认知考察的经典方法。在儿童资源分配行为的研究中,学者们多采用经济学领域中的最后通牒博弈和独裁者博弈范式,考察资源分配行为发展的趋势、公平敏感性、不公厌恶等。吴燕指出,在最后通牒博弈中,提议者的慷慨分配行为有可能只是为了避免被反应者拒绝而造成对自身利益损害的一种策略性行为,独裁者博弈的引入,可以更加纯粹有效地研究个体的公平行为和利他行为。因此本文将采用皮亚杰故事访谈法和两种博弈范式分别对不同同伴接纳类型儿童进行公平认知和公平分配行为研究。本研究选取某市某小学7-9岁儿童125名为研究对象。研究一、研究二分别采用最后通牒范式和独裁者范式,考察不同同伴接纳类型儿童的公平分配行为,研究三采用改编的故事访谈问卷对儿童进行公平认知访谈。基于本研究的条件,得出以下结论:1.在独裁者范式下,受欢迎、被忽视和普通组儿童均比被拒绝儿童表现出更多的公平分配行为,被拒绝儿童的公平分配行为水平最低。而在最后通牒范式下,儿童的公平分配行为不受同伴接纳类型的影响,各组儿童均能较多地做出公平分配行为。2.儿童的公平认知在整体上不受同伴接纳类型的影响,绝大部分儿童认为公平就是平等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fair cognition is an important part of children’s moral development,Children’s fair distribution behavior is one of the specific embodiment of the pro-social behavior,as well as an important part of children’s moral development.Many studies have found that an equitable distribution of children’s behavior affected by many factors,such as the level of development of individual psychological theory,the amount of resources,emotional experience and the social relationship between the distributor and the distribution objects and so on.In studies of children’s peer acceptance,existing studies have confirmed that the higher the peer acceptance of children,the social cognitive level and pro-social behavior level is relatively high.Fair cognition is a kind of social cognition,and fair distribution behavior belongs to a kind of important pro-social behavior,so fair distribution behavior and peer acceptance and children fair whether there are certain relations between cognition,there is no research to confirm so far.A large number of research at the earliest of fair recognition of children is Piaget that his story interviewing method is fair and cognition of the classic methods for children.In the study of resource allocation behavior in children,the scholars use the ultimatum game and dictator game paradigm in the field of economics to study the trend of the development of the resource allocation behavior,equity sensitivity,injustice,disgust,etc.Wu Yan pointed out that in the ultimatum game,proposed generosity allocation behavior might just to avoid being reflected to and cause damage to their own interests of a kind of strategic behavior,the introduction of the dictator game which can more effectively pure research individual fairness and altruism.So this article will use the piaget story interview method and two kinds of game paradigm respectively on different kinds of peer acceptance of children for fair distribution justice perception and behavior research.This study selected 125 children aged 7-9 years in primary school as the research object.Research one and Research two is respectively adopted the ultimatum paradigm and dictators paradigm to examine an equitable distribution of different types of peer acceptance of children behavior.Research three based on adapted questionnaire to interview children about fair cognitive.Based on the conditions of this study,the following conclusions:1.Under the ultimatum paradigm,an equitable distribution of children’s behavior is not influenced by peer acceptance type,each child can make a fair distribution more ground behavior.While under the dictator paradigm,popular and neglected children and normal group were better than rejected children showed a more equitable distribution behavior,being rejected childrens show lowest fair distribution behavior level.2.The fair cognition of children on the whole is not affected by peer acceptance type,the vast majority of children believe that fairness is equality.更多还原