【作者】 顾子贝； 杨昭宁； 王杜娟； 代亚男；

【Author】 Gu Zibei;Yang Zhaoning;Wang Dujuan;Dai Yanan;School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology;School of Educational Science,Qufu Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室； 曲阜师范大学教育科学学院；

【摘要】 目的基于情绪二维效价模型和情绪动机维度模型,通过两项研究考察愤怒情绪影响奖赏和威胁性信息视觉注意偏向的表现模式,初探表现模式下的潜在机制。方法两项研究均采用视频片段诱发情绪,运用注意偏向点探测范式。具体而言,研究1采用2(情绪)×2(线索位置一致性)×2(图片对类型)混合实验设计,自变量1情绪为组间变量,包括愤怒和中性情绪;自变量2线索位置一致性为组内变量,包括一致和不一致,一致是指探测点呈现位置与奖赏或威胁图片呈现位置一致,即在同一侧,不一致是指探测点呈现位置在奖赏或威胁图片所呈现位置另一侧;自变量3图片对类型为组内变量,包括中性和奖赏图片对、中性和威胁图片对同时呈现两个水平。研究2采用4(情绪)×2(线索位置一致性)×2(图片对类型)混合实验设计,其中情绪作为组间变量,分为愤怒(负性趋近)、高兴(正性趋近)、恐惧(负性回避)和中性条件4个水平,目的在于进一步证实研究1发现的表现模式。此外,为探究注意偏向的潜在机制,在图片对类型中增加中性和中性图片同时呈现的图片集。因变量均为对奖赏和威胁性信息的视觉注意偏向,具体操作指标为反应时。结果(1)与中性情绪相比,消极效价趋近动机指向的愤怒和积极效价趋近动机指向的高兴均对奖赏性信息存在视觉注意偏向,对威胁性信息既不存在注意偏向也不存在注意偏离;恐惧作为与愤怒具有相同效价不同趋避指向的回避动机情绪,表现为聚焦威胁。(2)愤怒影响奖赏信息注意偏向的潜在机制是对奖赏信息的注意警觉,而高兴对奖赏信息注意偏向的潜在机制是对奖赏信息的注意脱离困难。结论愤怒情绪对奖赏和威胁性信息的视觉注意偏向有不同影响,愤怒会聚焦奖赏;情绪与视觉注意偏向的关系可运用情绪动机维度模型这一理论进行解释;愤怒情绪影响奖赏和威胁性信息视觉注意偏向的潜在机制是对奖赏性信息的注意警觉;相同趋避动机指向情绪下注意偏向的表现模式相同,但潜在机制不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Given the variety of stimuli in the environment,the ability to selectively pay attention to important and relevant information is crucial for survival.Emotions influence how people think and act,partly by affecting how people view the world around them.Attention is the first step of cognitive process,examining the relationship of anger and visual attention to rewarding and threatening information makes contribution to understanding how anger influence cognitive process(such as memory,attribution,decision and more) and act.The research presented will focus on the following issues:(1) What is the performative mode of anger influence visual attention to rewarding and threatening information.(2) How anger influence visual attention to rewarding and threatening information,in other words,what is potential mechanism of the performative mode.Therefore,we performed two studies to explore the effects,potential mechanism of attention to rewarding and threatening pictures in anger.In the current study,we used the video clips to induce emotions and manipulated attention bias by dot probe paradigm.Study 1 conducted mixed design of 2(emotions:anger/neutral) × 2(consistency of cued locations:consistent/unconsistent) × 2(type of picture set:neutral-rewarding/neutral-threating),participants were randomly assigned to an angry or neutral condition.To further repeatedly confirm study 1,Study 2 conducted mixed design of 4(emotions:anger/excitement/fear/neutral) × 2(consistency of cued locations:consistent/unconsistent) × 2(type of picture set:neutral-rewarding/neutral-threating),participants were randomly assigned to an angry or neutral condition.In addition,increasing the picture set of neutral and neutral picture presented to explore the potential mechanism of attentional bias.The results showed that:(1) Compared to the neutral emotional state,same with excitement,which is a positively valenced and approach-motivational emotion,anger,which is a negatively valenced and approach-motivational emotion,also increased attention to rewarding pictures,but not to threatening pictures.However,fear as a negatively valenced associated with avoidance-motivational emotion increased attention to threatening pictures not to rewarding pictures.(2)The potential mechanism of attention to rewarding pictures in anger was attentional vigilance.However,excitement had a stronger effect on the inability to disengage attention from rewarding pictures.According to the above analysis,the present conclusions are as follows:(1) Anger has distinct effect on attention to rewarding and threatening information.Specifically,Anger increases attention to rewarding information not to threatening information.(2) The effects of emotions on visual attention are motivationally driven.Because anger is a negative emotion that reflects an approach motivational system,the effects of emotional states on overt visual attention depend on the motivational implications of emotions,rather than their valence.(3) Despite the same performative mode of attention to motivational information of each emotion,potential mechanisms are different.更多还原