【作者】 张明明； 刘涛； 禹东川；

【Author】 Zhang Mingming;Liu Tao;Yu Dongchuan;Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science(Southeast University),Ministry of Education;Department of Marketing,School of Management,Zhejiang University;

【机构】 东南大学学习科学研究中心儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室； 浙江大学管理学院；

【摘要】 Abe(2009)将欺骗定义为一种心理过程。通过这一心理过程,个体在明知某一事件或信念是错误或虚假的情况下,有意试图说服他人相信这一事件或信念,以获得某些好处或避免损失。先前研究已经证实,欺骗行为涉及的功能脑区包括扣带回(ACC)、内侧额叶(MFC)、眶额皮层(0FC)、纹状体、颞上沟(STS)和颞顶联合区(TPJ)等。但是,这些研究大多采用被动欺骗的研究范式,且多关注被试个体的脑内激活水平。近年来,随着近红外等超扫描技术的发展,使在真实社会交互过程中研究欺骗行为的脑间神经机制成为可能。利用近红外光学超扫描技术,本研究测量了30对被试在完成一个卡牌比大小游戏时的额颞叶脑活动。在游戏中,每轮开始时双方各自得到一张牌,随后"庄家"看牌并下注,"下家"根据"庄家"下注金额进行跟注与否的决定("下家"不能看牌),"下家"不跟注则判定"庄家"获胜;"下家"跟注则跟注金额不能小于"庄家"所下金额。最后由"荷官"判定输赢。脑内激活结果显示,在欺骗行为发生的下注阶段,"庄家"的内侧前额叶(MPFC)在欺骗时的激活水平显著高于非欺骗时,性别中不存在激活的差异。而在欺骗行为被揭露的判定阶段,男性被试的内侧前额叶和背侧颞上沟(dSTS)的激活水平显著高于女性被试。欺骗和非欺骗之间不存在激活差异。重要的是,脑间功能连接结果显示:被试双方在欺骗状态下,其内侧前额叶以及右脑背外侧前额叶(rDL,PFC)脑活动存在脑间同步现象。而在非欺骗状态下,只存在右脑背外侧前额叶之间的脑活动同步现象。进一步分析性别因素的影响时发现,女性被试在欺骗状态下三个功能区(即,MPFC,dSTS和rDLPFC)的脑活动均存在脑间同步现象。与之相对应的是,男性被试只在右脑背外侧前额叶之间存在着脑活动同步的现象。这些结果证明,在自发的欺骗行为中,个体会利用心理理论网络来揣测对方的想法和意图,并通过逻辑推理来做出最终的决定;而在非欺骗行为中,人们只是利用逻辑推理来做出决定。同时,性别之间存在不同的欺骗行为认知策略,男性多是单纯的依靠逻辑判断,而女性则会更多的考虑对方的想法和意图。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abe(2009) defined deception as a mental process.Through this psychological process,individual intentionally trying to convince others to believe an incident or a wrong belief,in order to obtain some benefit or avoid a loss.Previous studies have demonstrated that deception involves ACC,MFC,STS,OFC,TPJ and striatum.However,these studies have mainly adopted frames of passive deception and focused on intra-brain mechanism of deception in single participants.To examine the neural substrates underlying nature,spontaneous deception in real social interactions,using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) hyperscanning technique,the present study measured pairs of participants’ fronto-temporal activations in a card gambling game.Participants’ task was to cheat peer to earn more reward.Both participants get one card,then the banker checks his/her card,but the follower are forbidden to check his/her card,the banker bets after checking,the follower will have 5 s to decide whether to call or not.If the peer call,the jetton must bigger than or equal to the banker,otherwise,the banker will win the game in this round,if the follower decides to call,the dealer will check both two cards and announce the winner.The result of intra-brain analysis revealed that in the betting stage,participants showed significant medial prefrontal cortical(MPFC) activations during deception behaviors than honest behaviors,but the gender showed no significant activation difference.In the judging stage,male participants showed significant activations in the MPFC and the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex(rDLPFC) than female participants,but deception and honesty behavior showed no significant activation difference.More importantly,the results of inter-brain analyses demonstrated that participant pairs showed significant positive inter-brain correlations in the rDLPFC in honest behaviors.By contrast,in deception behaviors,participant dyads showed significant positive inter-brain correlations in the MPFC and the rDLPFC.Taken the gender effect into consideration,in deception behaviors,female/female dyads showed significant positive inter-brain correlations in the MPFC,the rDLPFC and the dorsal superior temporal sulcus(dSTS),while male/male dyads only showed significant positive inter-brain correlations in the rDLPFC.These results suggest that when individuals lie to others,they may generally modulate others’ mind via the Theory of Mind network and then make a final decision.Specifically,male individuals may just make a deceptive decision based on their logical inference,while female individuals normally modulate other’s minds and intentions before decision-making.更多还原