【作者】 李晓庆； Yufang Yang； Guiqin Ren；

【Author】 Xiaoqing Li;Yufang Yang;Guiqin Ren;Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Research Center of Psychological Development and Education,Liaoning Normal University;

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所； Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences； Research Center of Psychological Development and Education,Liaoning Normal University；

【摘要】 预期加工在语言理解等人类日常认知活动过程中发挥着重要作用。在语言理解过程,人们不仅会基于已有知识和语境形成语义预期(即,预期随后将要出现的内容)而且会基于节奏等韵律信息形成时间预期(即,预期随后的信息将要在哪个时间点出现)。但是,语言理解过程"预期加工"的具体内部机制尚不清楚。我们结合脑电技术和行为、通过把预期加工和整合加工相分离,考察了语言理解过程中语义预期(语义水平)和时间预期(知觉水平)的认知神经机制。结果发现,1)在语言理解过程中,在关键信息出现之前,语言加工系统确实会主动形成有关将要出现的关键信息的假设(这在特定情境下会消耗更多的认知资源),从而为语言理解中的"内部前向预期"加工提供了最为直接的证据。2)Beta频段的神经振荡活动是预期加工的重要神经基础;局部神经元通过增强Beta频段的协同振荡来主动地形成预期,或者相关神经元通过降低Beta频段的协同振荡来为将要出现的信息加工做准备。3)预期加工的认知和神经机制具有灵活性和可塑性,会随着语言经验的变化而动态变化。4)对于知觉水平上的时间预期,"感知-运动-整合"加工环路是其重要认知神经机制;对简单听觉节奏的"感知-运动-整合"成绩能够很好地预测对复杂句子的语义理解成绩。更多还原

【Abstract】 It’s well established that predictive processing plays a very important role in language comprehension.During language comprehension,the human brains not only form semantic prediction about which content word is going to appear next but also form temporal prediction about when the next prominent event will occur.Although numerous psycholinguistic studies have examined the integration-stage of predictive processing,there is also more need to be learned about the anticipation-stage of predictive processing.In this study,a series of EEG(electroencephalograph)experiments investigated the cognitive-neural mechanisms underlying the anticipatory-stage of predictive language processing,and more importantly,the effect of language experiences on anticipatory language processing.Mandarin Chinese sentences were used as stimuli.We separated the early anticipatory stage of processing from the later integration stage.The results showed that:1) during language comprehension,the human brain actively predicts upcoming information,which under certain circumstances consumes more working memory resources.This result provides direct evidence for the internal forward model;2) the present oscillatory results,combined with early researches on temporal prediction and visual processing,indicate that beta oscillation contributes to predictive processing;3) the cognitive and neural oscillatory mechanisms of anticipatory language prediction change dynamically as a function of the long-term language experiences;4) sensory-motor mapping is one of the mechanisms that underline temporal prediction.更多还原