【作者】 杨文琪； 范谦； 何苏日那； 朱一杰； 何伊丽； 金盛华；

【Author】 Wenqi Yang;Qian Fan;Surina He;Yijie Zhu;Yili He;Shenghua Jin;School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;City College DongGuan University of Technology;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学院； 东莞理工学院城市学院财经系；

【摘要】 权力给人以控制自己和环境的能力,这种控制是人类的基本需求。因此,低权力对人类的基本需求有重要影响,进而产生负面的心理效应。人性特征分为人类天性特征(HN)和人类独特性特征(UN)两种。人类天性特征指那些与生俱来的、人类共通的人性特征;而人类独特性特征指那些后天习得的、存在个体差异的人类特征。本文采用不同的方法来启动权力感——语义启动和角色扮演,探究了权力感对自我人性特征感知的影响。研究结果发现,低权力感导致个体对自我人性特征的否定(自我非人化效应),即与高权力者相比,低权力者认为自己具有更少的人性特征。具体来说,在自我感知中,低权力者认为自己具有较少的人类天性特征(HN);而在自我元认知中,低权力者认为自己在他人眼中具有较少的人类独特性特征。更重要的是,低权力的自我非人化效应不是由情绪或者负面的自我评价所导致的。研究结果进一步拓展了权力效应和非人化方面的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Power gives people the ability to control themselves and their environment, and this control is considered a fundamental human need. Experiencing a lack of power has a substantial impact on this need and can lead to devastating psychological effects. Previous research has demonstrated that the central feature of dehumanization is a failure to attribute feelings or qualities of mind to others, which are just two subtle dimensions of dehumanization. "Human nature traits"(HN traits) refer to attributes that are biologically based, innate, shared, fundamental, or essential features of humanity. In contrast, "uniquely human traits"(UH traits) refer to traits that are acquired through culture and education, distinctive to the human species. We investigated whether experiencing powerlessness induces the experience of self-dehumanization using different methods: priming and role-playing. People in a position of low power viewed themselves as less human nature traits relative to people in a position of high power; furthermore, people with low power believed that they were viewed as less unique human traits by others as well. Furthermore, Self-dehumanization also appears to be a consequence of powerlessness rather than an incidental result of a change in mood or a negative self-view. Our findings are an important extension of previous work on the adverse effects of powerlessness and dehumanization.更多还原