【作者】 林雅芳； 张日昇；

【Author】 LIN Yafang;Fanculty of School Leadership Training and Research,Beijing Institute of Education;

【机构】 北京教育学院校长研修学院； 北京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 中学生正处在身心发展的关键时期,也是个体职业生涯发展的探索期,这个阶段开展生涯辅导有助于中学生更好地度过中学阶段、提高学生自我探索的能力、培养学生更好的生涯适应力及决策的灵活性。中学阶段的生涯辅导需要兼顾学生发展的共性和个性问题,在了解我国中学生的独特性和基本国情的基础上,借鉴西方现有的生涯辅导理论而开展的实践活动。箱庭疗法作为一种表现性的游戏治疗方法,其在中学生生涯辅导中兼具了文化性、探索性、个性化等特点。首先,箱庭疗法的理论基础是东西方文化的交融,其东方思想中包含的自性的获得能够满足个体自我探索的欲望,无为的思想则启发了生涯辅导教师用更加尊重、宽容的态度为中学生提供探索的空间和机会;此外,箱庭疗法通过中学生选择玩具、制作作品等方式来将学生的生涯困扰外化,这种非言语的体悟方式更加适合东方人思维的具象性、整体性、神秘性等特点。其次,箱庭疗法鼓励中学生在制作完成之后讲述自己外化到沙箱中的箱庭故事,通过故事叙述和积极想象活动使学生得以重新思索生涯的意义、合理认知现有资源并挖掘进一步探索的动力。最后,箱庭疗法在生涯辅导中的应用非常灵活,辅导教师仅通过玩具选择的活动即可激发学生自我探索的兴趣;个体箱庭制作则能够帮助个体更深层次的了解自我的兴趣、能力、性格和价值观等不同方面,帮助个体快速适应环境和进行情绪管理;团体箱庭制作则可以帮助个体认知现有的资源、获得更好地人际关系,从而帮助个体制定更具个性化的生涯发展路径、提高个体的生涯适应力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Middle school students are in the critical period of physical and mental development, they also in the stage of exploration of one’s career development. It can help middle school students better through their high school time, to improve students’ ability of self exploration, to cultivate students’ better career adaptability and flexibility of decision-making that carry out career guidance for students at this stage. Middle school career guidance needs both the development of students’ commonness and individuality, on the base of the basic of national conditions and the peculiarity of middle school students, use the western career guidance theory and in practice. Sandplay therapy as a kind of expressive game method, it has characters of culture, exploratory and personalization in the middle school student’s career guidance. First of all, the cases of the theoretical basis of sandplay therapy is east and west culture, the eastern thought contained the self gain can meet the desire of student’s individual self exploration, the career teachers can get an idea from Wuwei thoughts made them use respect, tolerant attitude for middle school students to explore more space and opportunities of exploration. In addition, sandplay therapy cans externalization the students’ career problems by the ways as choose figures and make worlds, those nonverbal ways were suitable for the oriental thinking of representational, integrity, mystery and etc. Second, sandplay therapy encouraged middle school students narrated their career stories which externalized in the sandbox after they made a work, it’s could made students to rethink their life’s meaning, to recognize the recourses rational, to dig a deeply power of exploration by storytelling and positive imagination. Finally, sandplay therapy could very flexibility by the application of career guidance; career teachers might stimulate the interests of students’ exploration just by figures selection activities. Individual sandplay made can help individuals to deeper understanding of the self form different aspects such as, ability, character and values.It also can help students adapt the environment and emotion management; the group sandplay therapy can students cognitive existing resources, get better relationship, and then help students develop more individualized career development path, improve students’ career adaptability.更多还原