【作者】 李哲； 李晔； 黄俊；

【Author】 Li Zhe;Li Ye;Huang Jun;Psychology College Of Central China Normal University;

【机构】 华中师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 解释水平理论（construal level theory,CLT）是指人们对事物或事件的心理表征取决于心理距离的远近。人们倾向于对远距离的事物采用高解释水平即抽象表征;对近距离的事物则采用低解释水平即具体表征。解释水平的高低会影响个体的决策和判断。本研究基于CLT,考察情境和背景信息如何影响个体在两种不公平分配处境（有利不公平和不利不公平）中的公平判断。研究采用2（有利不公平和不利不公平）×2（情境:熟悉和陌生）×2（背景信息:有和无）被试间设计,259名大学生和286名员工受邀填写自编的情境故事问卷。情境故事分为学生兼职和员工工作两类。对大学生被试而言,学生兼职故事为熟悉情境,员工工作故事为陌生情境;员工被试则相反。结果表明:（1）两类被试群体中,当提供背景信息时,个体的分配不公平感显著低于无背景信息条件(F_学生=9.097,p=0.003<0.01;F_员工=4.036,p=0.046<0.05);（2）两类被试群体中,熟悉情境下,个体对分配不公平的感知显著低于陌生情境(F_学生=6.794,p=0.01<0.01;F_员工=8.159,p=0.005<0.05);（3）只在大学生被试中,存在情境和不公平处境的交互作用（F=5.273,p=0.023<0.05）。简单效应分析可知,熟悉情境下,被试在两种不公平处境中的分配不公平感存在显著差异（F=14.79,p=0.000<0.001）;而在陌生情境下,两种不公平处境中的分配不公平感知差异不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Construal Level Theory is a theory about how different dimensions of psychological distance influence individual’s mental construal of objects. People tend to construal psychologically distant objects in terms of high level, abstract aspects, whereas construal the same object in terms of low level, detailed aspects. The construal level affect people’s judgment and decision. Based on CLT, the influence of background information and situations on justice judgment in the context of unfair distribution, which is divided into advantage unfair and disadvantage unfair, was explored in this study.Using scenarios, the present study addresses the above issue. Participants made justice judgment about two unfair distributions, with situations（familiar or unfamiliar） and background information（offer or not offer） combinations.259 college students and 289 employees participated the investigation. The stories have two versions: the student’s part-time work and the employee’s distribution of salary.To the students, the former is familiar, the latter is unfamiliar; employees are in the opposite.There were three main results in current study. First,as expected, in the two subjects’ group, the justice judgment difference emerged, while the ones who were offered background information experienced lower unfair than the others(F_students=9.097, p=0.003<0.01; F_employees=4.036, p=0.046<0.05). Second,compared to familiar situation, participants showed stronger distributive unfairness toward the scenarios in strange situation(F_students=6.794, p=0.01<0.01; F_employees=8.159, p=0.005<0.05).Meanwhile, The interaction of situations and injustice distributions is significant, but this effect only existed in college students（F=5.273, p=0.023<0.05）.There were no significant differences between injustice distributions in strange situations, we found significant differences between injustice distributions in familiar situations（F=14.79, p=0.000<0.001）.更多还原