【作者】 吴明证； 郑全全；

【Author】 Wu Mingzheng;Zheng Quanquan;Department of psychology and behavioral science;

【机构】 浙江大学心理与行为科学系；

【摘要】 道德与能力构成了人们社会知觉的两个基本维度。在通常情况下,道德维度起着更为基础的优先性作用(primacy effect),但情境因素能够影响人们在社会知觉中赋予两维度的重要性,权力是其中重要的社会影响因素之一。因此,本研究试图探讨权力对社会知觉中道德/能力信息关注的影响及其可能的作用机制。共包括三项研究。研究一采用Rydell&McC onnell(2006)的态度学习研究范式,操纵被试形成对于虚拟人物的四种道德、能力高低不同的印象后,要求被试进行交友意愿与雇佣意愿的评价。结果发现,在交友决策中,相比于低道德/高能力的人物,人们对于高道德/低能力的人物表现出更高程度的偏好;而在雇佣决策中,相比于高道德/低能力的人物,人们对于低道德/高能力的人物表现出更高程度的偏好。任务情境会影响人们赋予道德与能力信息的不同重要性。研究二包括三个实验,采用情境问卷、角色扮演等方式操纵被试权力感,分别从宏观的决策任务和微观的Stroop任务的角度探讨权力对道德/能力信息关注的影响。结果发现,相比于低权力个体,高权力个体在社会知觉中会赋予能力信息更高的权重,低权力个体对道德信息则更为重视。在高(低)权力个体对于高道德与高能力两类候选人偏好程度差异的影响效应中,道德关注与能力关注发挥着中介效应。研究三探讨了目标导向在权力影响道德/能力信息偏好过程中的作用。研究发现,目标设置(能力目标、模糊目标、道德目标)不影响高权力个体对于能力信息的偏好程度,但会影响高权力个体对于道德信息的偏好程度,高权力个体在道德目标下对道德信息的偏好程度显著高于能力目标和模糊目标。这说明,权力对知觉者目标导向的改变是其影响道德/能力信息偏好的可能原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Morality and competence are two core dimensions in the process of social perception, but in general morality takes the primacy effect on the social perception. Situational factors can influence the accessibility of morality and competence information, among which power is theoretically important but less to be explored. 3 studies were conducted aiming to investigate whether power influences people’s preference for competence and/or morality-related information, and its possible underlying mechanism. Study 1 used Rydell & Mc Connell’s(2006) attitude learning task to manipulate participants’ impressions with different moral vs. competent characteristics towards a virtual person, and asked participants to rate their intentions to make friends with and hire the virtual person. The results showed that people preferred the individuals with high moral & low competent more than the low competent & high moral one when evaluating willing of making friends, whereas competent characteristics were valued more than moral ones in the evaluation related to hiring. Therefore, preference of moral or competent information varies in different goal situations. Three experiments composed study 2. After participants were randomly assigned to high and low power scenarios or power priming tasks, they were asked to finish a series of decision making tasks and a Stroop task, in order to explore the influence of power on social perception information preference. The results showed that perceived competence is more important for the power-holders than the powerless, and perceived morality is more important for the powerless than the powerful. In addition, this study showed the mediating role of morality-focused orientation and competence-focused orientation. Using situational scenarios and role play tasks to manipulate the feeling of power, study 3 discussed the role of goal orientation underlying the effect of power on social informaiton preference, indicating that goal setting(competent, ambiguous, moral goal) did not affect high power individual’s preference for competence-related information, but affected the weight given to morality-related information by the powerful. High power participants in moral goal setting condition attached more importance on moral information than in competent and ambiguous goal condition. These demonstrate that, compared with the powerless, power-holders prefer competent information, which cannot be moderated by goal setting. Therefore, power changes individuals’ goal orientation, which leads to the individuals’ preference for the morality and competence.更多还原