【作者】 李海峰； 陈亚楠； 杜峰； 张侃；

【Author】 Haifeng Li;Yanan Chen;Feng Du;Kan Zhang;Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University;Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 福建师范大学教育学院心理系； 中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室；

【摘要】 背景:工作记忆服务于信息的保持和操作,以用于后续的加工。工作记忆中保持的信息能够影响人类注意,表现之一为记忆驱动的注意捕获,指个体从环境中选择信息的过程受保持在工作记忆中的内容所引导(Olivers,Meijer,&Theeuwes,2006)。在这类研究中,被试首先需要在工作记忆中保持一个项目,如颜色。在记忆保持阶段,他们要完成一个次级搜索任务。在搜索任务中,搜索的目标始终与记忆内容无关,且记忆匹配的项目一旦出现在搜索任务中始终是一个分心刺激。当搜索任务中有一个颜色分心刺激时,记忆匹配分心刺激条件下的搜索反应时要显著慢于记忆不相关分心刺激条件和无突显分心刺激条件的搜索反应时。问题提出:以往关于记忆驱动注意捕获的研究主要考察了仅仅在工作记忆中维持一个或几个项目能否对后续的次级搜索任务产生干扰,但是工作记忆的一个重要功能是支持对保持的内容进行心理上的某种操作。因此本研究主要考察在被试保持项目的同时对该项目进行心理旋转,能否对记忆驱动的注意捕获产生影响。方法:本实验以搜索反应时为因变量,采用2(旋转类型:旋转vs.非旋转)*3(分心刺激类型:记忆匹配分心刺激,记忆不相关分心刺激和无颜色分心刺激)的被试内设计。结果:在非旋转条件下,记忆驱动的注意捕获效应仍然存在。而在旋转条件下,记忆驱动的注意捕获受到了干扰,即记忆匹配分心刺激条件下的搜索反应时和记忆不相关分心刺激条件的搜索反应时之间无显著差别。讨论:记忆驱动注意捕获效应的存在依赖于在工作记忆中维持一个足够强的视觉表征。心理旋转操作可能在一定程度上降低了维持在记忆中的视觉表征的强度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background: Working memory(WM) serves to maintain and manipulate information for further use. Contents in WM interfere with attention, as studies that shown the memory-driven attentional capture. In these studies, participants were required to remember a specific feature, e.g., color. Then they should perform a secondary attention task during maintenance, typically a visual search task. In this secondary task, the memorized feature can be one of the distractors. In this condition, reaction time of the secondary task increased relative to a never memorized distractor or when no salient distractor was present.Question: People can not only persistently maintain a specific object in their mind, but also manipulate that object for further processing. Most previous studies on memory-driven attentional capture focused on the capture of a maintained item. However, how WM manipulation affects the memory-driven attentional capture has not been explored. In this study, we explored how mental rotation to the WM content affects the memory-driven attentional capture. Methods: This was a 2(rotation type: rotation vs. no-rotation) * 3(distractor type: memory-matching distractor, memory-irrelevant distractor, or non-color distractor) within-subject design experiment. Reaction time in the secondary search task was the dependent variable. Results: In the no-rotation condition, the effect of memory-driven attentional capture was observed. However in the rotation condition, the memory-driven attentional capture was disrupted, that is, there was no significant reaction time difference between the memory-matching distractor condition and memory-irrelevant distractor condition. Discussion: The existence of memory-driven attentional capture relies on maintaining a strong visual representation in WM. Mental rotation may weaken the intensity of visual representation thus disrupt the memory-driven attentional capture.更多还原