【作者】 王学良； 余田野； 汪姿荷； 张科杰；

【Author】 WANG Xueliang;YU Tianye;WANG Zihe;ZHANG Kejie;Lightning Protection Center of Hubei Province;

【机构】 湖北省防雷中心；

【摘要】 为研究我国雷暴气候时空分布及其变化特征,利用1961―2013年我国722个气象台站雷暴日资料,统计分析了我国雷暴日数时空分布及其变化特征。结果表明:我国雷暴气候可划分为四个区域:北方中雷区、南方多雷区、高原多雷区和西北少雷区;夏季雷暴日数最多,冬季最少,春季比秋季多,冬春季节雷暴天气主要发生在南方雷区,夏秋季节主要发生在高原雷区。近53年我国年平均雷暴日数在波动中总体呈显著减少趋势,有98%以上的台站年平均雷暴日数呈减少趋势,整体上南方雷区比北方雷区减少幅度要大。全国及各雷区年平均雷暴日数变化,主要存在10-13年和18年左右的长周期振荡,同时在不同年代还存在4-8年左右的短周期振荡。从2013年以来,我国及各雷区的年平均雷暴日数处于雷暴日数相对较多时期。夏季风强度指数与全国4-9月的平均雷暴日数有密切正相关关系,相关系数为0.6589,达0.001的极显著水平;强夏季风年的4-9月雷暴日数比弱夏季风年平均多25%以上。东亚夏季风减弱是我国年雷暴日数减少的主要原因。是否还有其他因素引起我国雷暴日数减少,有待进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristic of thunderstorm climate in China, from 1961 to 2013, 722 stations’ thunderstorm day data is selected to analyze its spatial and temporal distribution and variation. The results show that four thunderstorm regions are divided: the middle thunderstorm region in north, the more thunderstorm region in south, the more thunderstorm region in plateau, and the less thunderstorm region in northwest. Most thunderstorm days occur in summer, least of them occur in winter, and spring has more thunderstorm days than autumn. In spring and winter, thunderstorm days mainly occur in southern thunderstorm region, and in summer and autumn they occur in plateau thunderstorm region. The annual average thunderstorm days significantly decreased in fluctuation for the past 53 years, above 98% stations’ annual average thunderstorm days have decreased, and the decreasing tendency in south is bigger than north. There are a 10-13 year and a 18 year long periodic oscillation and a 4-8 year short periodic oscillation for annual average thunderstorm days in four thunderstorm regions and all China. The annual average thunderstorm days in China and different lightning regions have reached a relatively high quantity since 2013. The average thunderstorm days from April to September have a closely positive correlation relationship with summer monsoon intensity index, the correlation coefficient is 0.6589, at 0.001 significance level. The average thunderstorm days from April to September in strong summer monsoon year are 25% above the weak summer monsoon year’s thunderstorm days.The weakening of East Asian summer monsoon is the main reason for reduction of the number of annual average thunderstorm days. Whether there are other reasons cause the reduction, need further research.更多还原