【作者】 沈钟平； 梁萍； 何金海；

【Author】 SHEN Zhongping;LIANG Ping;HE Jinhai;Shanghai Climate Center;Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology;

【机构】 上海市气候中心； 南京信息工程大学；

【摘要】 对上海地区59个自动站2006—2013年逐时气温资料进行了本地化的质量控制,得到一套高分辨率气温数据集。将其与常规观测资料进行对比,发现两者反映的上海年平均及季节平均气温基本一致,说明经质量控制的加密资料是可信的。但其空间差异更为明显,表明高分辨气温数据在城市热环境精细空间分布研究中更具代表性和有效性。基于该数据集研究了上海的城市热岛空间分布。结果表明,加密观测数据可反映出城市热岛的精细结构气候特征:热岛分布由中心城区向四周及西南部扩展,尤其是出现了"多中心"结构特征,即除中心城区的热岛主中心外,在闵行北部和松江南部均出现了与快速城市化进程相联系的区域性副热岛中心;受大气环流季节转换和局地海陆风的影响,热岛位置在秋冬季偏东南方向,春夏季偏西北方向。上述精细化特征在常规资料中并不明显或无法体现。由此可见,经质量控制的加密气温数据在城市热岛的精细结构研究中更具优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Data quality is a basic assurance for meteorological researches and data applications. In this paper, considering local climate in Shanghai, a localized quality control flow is formulated for 59 AWSs(automatic weather stations) hourly temperature data during the period of 2006-2013. It includes station format parameter check, climate extreme value check, time consistency check and space consistency check, especially using the methods of dynamic threshold in climate extreme value check and different distance standards for different areas in spatial consistency check. After quality control, the annual mean data missing rates of this data set are all below 10%. It means the AWS data in Shanghai has good integrality and confidence. Thus a set of high-quality and high-resolution temperature data set is gotten. Compared with the manual observation data, it is found that the average annual and seasonal mean temperatures in Shanghai are almost the same, which proved that the quality of this dataset is reliable. But the spatial difference is more obvious, which just indicates that the high resolution temperature data is more representative and effective on the researches about fine spatial distribution features in urban thermal environment. Based on standardized temperature, the spatial distribution of urban heat island in Shanghai is analyzed with this data set. The results indicate that the AWS data can reflect many fine features of the distribution of urban heat island. The urban heat island center is expanded from city center to periphery and the southwest area, especially presented multi-center feature. In addition to the main center of heat island in the city center, there are two sub-centers in the north of Minhang district and the south of Songjiang district, which are associated with rapid urbanization. Two regional construction projects which are "Songjiang New Town" in 2009 and "Big Hongqiao Section" in 2010, greatly accelerate the process of urbanization. It not only changed the underlying surface status, but also made a large amount of anthropogenic heat causesd by lots of people moved into the sub-centers of city. Also the heat islands are located in the southeast in autumn and winter, and northwest in spring and summer, which is affected by local sea-land wind and seasonal transition of atmospheric circulation. The above detailed characteristics are not obvious or can not be reflected with manual data. Therefore, the AWS data with quality control is better applicable than manual data in the research of fine structures of urban heat island.更多还原