纳米碳在电化学储能中的应用探索

【作者】 李峰； 任文才； 成会明；

【Author】 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences;

【机构】 沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室中国科学院金属研究所；

【摘要】 In recent years,electrochemical energy storage devices,such as supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries,have been extensively explored in response to the ever-increasing demand for clean energy and climate change mitigation technologies.Carbon materials with different structures and functionalities play a key role in various energy storage devices for use as electrodes,conductive fillers,coating layers,etc.Nanocarbons,including carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene have unique low-dimensional structures,good electrical conductivity,high strength,and desirable chemical stability.Therefore,nanocarbons are expected to find extensive and important applications in the field of electrochemical energy storage.We have fabricated a serious of nanocarbon-based hybrid electrode materials by either mechanical mixing,hydrothermal deposition,in situ growth,and selective filling.These hybrid electrode materials showed desirable electrochemical properties in terms of long cycling life,good high rate capability,and high reversible capacity.The working mechanism of nanocarbons in hybrid electrodes was investigated by an in situ TEM approach.It was found that nanocarbons take a significant role in forming electrical conductive network and preventing the volume expansion of active materials.And we also designed and developed nanocarbon-based sandwich structure,integrated structure and flexible structure for high-capacity,high-power,long-life and high energy lithiumsulfur batteries.Using graphene and CNTs in flexible energy storage devices is another emerging field,and we have also explored several kinds of nanocarbon-based flexible electrodes.Based on the understanding of electric double layer and tuning electrochemical potential windows,a smart lithium ion capacitor with an extra Li electrode to monitor the operation state and to regenerate its capacity was developed,which can allow a real-time diagnosis of capacity decay,safety control,and self-healing of a degraded capacitor through a feedback system.The smart electrochemical energy storage devices can work as a bridge that connects users and R&D engineers to create a safer and more intelligent electrochemical energy storage future.更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,electrochemical energy storage devices,such as supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries,have been extensively explored in response to the ever-increasing demand for clean energy and climate change mitigation technologies.Carbon materials with different structures and functionalities play a key role in various energy storage devices for use as electrodes,conductive fillers,coating layers,etc.Nanocarbons,including carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene have unique low-dimensional structures,good electrical conductivity,high strength,and desirable chemical stability.Therefore,nanocarbons are expected to find extensive and important applications in the field of electrochemical energy storage.We have fabricated a serious of nanocarbon-based hybrid electrode materials by either mechanical mixing,hydrothermal deposition,in situ growth,and selective filling.These hybrid electrode materials showed desirable electrochemical properties in terms of long cycling life,good high rate capability,and high reversible capacity.The working mechanism of nanocarbons in hybrid electrodes was investigated by an in situ TEM approach.It was found that nanocarbons take a significant role in forming electrical conductive network and preventing the volume expansion of active materials.And we also designed and developed nanocarbon-based sandwich structure,integrated structure and flexible structure for high-capacity,high-power,long-life and high energy lithiumsulfur batteries.Using graphene and CNTs in flexible energy storage devices is another emerging field,and we have also explored several kinds of nanocarbon-based flexible electrodes.Based on the understanding of electric double layer and tuning electrochemical potential windows,a smart lithium ion capacitor with an extra Li electrode to monitor the operation state and to regenerate its capacity was developed,which can allow a real-time diagnosis of capacity decay,safety control,and self-healing of a degraded capacitor through a feedback system.The smart electrochemical energy storage devices can work as a bridge that connects users and R&D engineers to create a safer and more intelligent electrochemical energy storage future.更多还原