【作者】 施剑林；

【Author】 Jianlin Shi;Shanghal Instiute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Shanghal Key Lab.of Green Chemistry and chemical processes,ECNU;

【机构】 中科院上海硅酸盐研究所； 华东师范大学上海市绿色化学重点实验室；

【摘要】 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)是一种将化学能转化为电能的新型能源,但目前机阳极和阴极催化剂均需要使用贵金属Pt。开发新型的低成本、高效、稳定的非贵金属PEMFC电极催化剂意义重大。采用模板复制法设计合成了高比表面积和结晶性能稳定的介孔结构的WO3材料,加入少量碳后该材料表现出良好的氢电化学催化氧化活性(图1)[1-3];而后,采用模板法合成出了高导电性耐酸碱腐蚀的介孔WC材料,以合成的介孔WC作为催化剂载体负载少量Pt纳米颗粒,获得了优于商用E-TEK的阴极氧还原电催化剂[4]。我们以WO3/C为氢氧化阳极催化剂以避免贵金属的CO中毒,以Pt/WC为氧还原阴极以防止碳的氧化腐蚀,以此组装成单电池其输出功率达到标准全Pt/C电极的PEMFC的70%[5]。探索了多种基于纳米碳材料的非贵金属氧还原电催化材料,如采用模板共浇注的热分解法制备含Fe Cx和Co Cx的N掺杂多壁碳纳米管或空心/介孔结构的氮掺杂碳立方体[6-7],材料表现出良好的氧还原电催化性能。以此为阴极催化剂组装的单电池,其功率输出为全E-TEK的38%-67%。探索基于介孔沸石的氧还原电极催化剂,获得了优良的氧还原电催化活性[8-9]。探讨了多组分催化剂组分之间的协同催化效应[10-11]。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mesoporous WO₃ was synthesized and used as the carrier of 7.5%Pt NPs,showing comparable performance in H₂and methanol electro-oxidations,especially in preventing the Pt-poisoning.Mesostructured WO₃/C alone was found to be capable of electro-oxidizing hydrogen.Novel routes have been developed in synthesizing nanoscale N-doped carbon nanomaterials for use as cathodes in alkaline media,and further metal carbide NPs can be encapsulated in the N-doped carbons for the efficient ORR under acidic environments.By using mesostructured WO₃/C as the anode and mesostructured Pt/WC as the cathode,a single PEMFC has been constructured which demonstrated comparable overall power density output,and especially remarkably enhanced durability of operation.Most recently,mesostructured zeolite-based eletrocatalysts for both anode and cathodes of PEMFCs have been developed,which showed attractive electrochemical activities in methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions.更多还原