【作者】 陈波；

【Author】 Chen Bo;Center for Tibetan Studies and Institute of Anthropology at Sichuan University;

【机构】 四川大学中国藏学研究所；

【摘要】 柔克义既曾是美国政府的外交官,又是学者,研究过西方所谓的汉学和藏学,对学界产生过重大影响。尽管后世中外学界在不同的时代对他的多重身份有不同的解读,但到目前为止,所有对柔克义的研究都没能把握他整个学术研究的内在理路。本文认为,柔克义秉承的是法国藏学传统;由于个人对西藏的学术兴趣、独特的学术经历和时代的影响,他的学术研究大致出现过三种主题,以两次转向相联隔:第一次是从早期南亚佛教史转向藏文明本身,第二次是从藏文明转向中国作为整体关系体系的思考,涉及朝贡体系、帝制中国、礼仪之邦和拓展海洋贸易的商邦,这四个维度相互交错。他将"中国"置于多维度关系之中,突破正在形成中的、基于民族-国家范式的学科分野,将汉学和藏学跨越性地联系起来,与当时乃至后世西方的主流藏学和汉学研究形成鲜明的对比。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis examines Rockhill’s academic contributions to western Tibetology and Sinology.With his overlapped roles of being both an American diplomatic official and a scholar during the later half of his life-time,Rockhill’s contributions to the Euro-western understanding of the "Oriental" system were largely neglected.The article argues that his approaches of treating both China and Tibet from a relational perspective cannot be simply collapsed into later discipline categories that were highly bounded by and implicated within nation-state building projects,either in China or elsewhere in the world.Academically he touched on three research topics consecutively,firstly the early history of Indian Buddhism,the Tibetan cultures and civilization,and finally the "Oriental" system with China as its metaphor,in which Tibet finds itself.To provide an interpretation to the last topic,Rockhill invested the second half of his life(1884-1914) in exploring China’s tribute system,especially in the case of the Sino-Korea relation,an institution of the Chinese empire- exemplified by its relation with Tibet,the ritual confrontations between China’courts and European ambassadors in different times,and finally China’s oversea trades in the southeast archipelagoes and the Indian Ocean coasts.These served to illustrate China as a pivotal point of relations of relations,rather than as a polity in the western political sense.更多还原