【作者】 黄海洪； 韩志琦； 曾丽娟； 类延菊； 张运生； 贺莉； 龚敏慧； 杨品红； 罗玉双；

【Author】 HUANG Haihong;HAN Zhiqi;ZENG Lijuan;LEI Yanju;ZHANG Yunsheng;HE Li;GONG Minhui;YANG Pinhong;LUO Yushuang;College of Life Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science,Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area, Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education;

【机构】 湖南文理学院生命科学学院水产高效健康生产湖南省协同创新中心环洞庭湖水产健康养殖及加工湖南省重点实验室湖南省高校动物学重点实验室；

【摘要】 水产养殖过程中,饲料蛋白N一部分被水产动物吸收利用,其余约75%流失到养殖水体中,并最终以NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N的形式累积,浪费大量饲料,使养殖成本升高,又严重污染水质,导致疾病爆发。Biofloc养殖技术（Biofloc technology,BFT）通过微生物转化水体N营养元素进行生长以循环利用饲料蛋白N,一方面转化养殖水体积累的NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N等有害物质,达到调控水质的效果;另一方面利用微生物的生长,合成营养物质并粘合水体中浮游动植物、有机质等,形成可供水产动物摄食的"生物絮团"（Biofloc）,为水产动物提供生物饵料,实现减少配合饲料投入的目的。BFT通过微生物的生长调控水质,有利于预防疾病,同时生产生物饵料,提高饲料蛋白N利用率,降低养殖成本,具有较突出的优点,应用前景广阔。更多还原

【Abstract】 A small part of protein nitrogen in feed（PNF） is utilized in aquaculture, and the rest,about 75% PNF, accumulates in water column as harmful forms, such as NH₄⁺-N and NO₂^--N,which wastes a lot of feed and pollutes water column seriously. Biofloc technology（BFT） is an aquaculture technology that reuses PNF via growth of microorganisms with N in water colum.Thus, BFT transformates harmful NH₄⁺-N and NO₂^--N in water column, increasing the water quality. Meanwhile, BFT synthesizes Biofloc should be hunted by aquaculture animal, via binding nutrient materials produced by microorganisms and other materials in water column, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and organic floc, supplying bio-feed for aquaculture animals,decreasing the investment of formulated feed. In conclusion, via growth of microorganisms, BFT has a bright perspective with obvious advantages, such as controling water qulity to prevent diseases, and producing bio-feed to increase the utilization ration of PNF and decrease the culture cost.更多还原