【作者】 王芬； 施佩； 朱建锋； 林营； 王学武；

【Author】 Wang Fen;Shi Pei;Zhu Jianfeng;Lin Ying;Wang Xuewu;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology;Xi’an Cai kiln cultural institute;

【机构】 陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院； 西安柴窑文化研究所；

【摘要】 本研究以耀州窑遗址与西安西大街出土五代末北宋初"白胎"耀州窑天青瓷为主要对象,并与唐、宋、金、元的青瓷标本进行对比分析,为对比研究其特点与揭示历史名瓷-柴窑和五代耀州窑天青瓷的关系建立一定的科学基础。采用XRF、XRD、XPS和SEM/EDS等,研究了化学组成、物相、Fe²⁺Fe³⁺的原子比及微观结构对五代天青瓷釉色的影响,并对其呈色机理进行了研究。结果表明,五代耀州窑白胎天青瓷与其其它各代区别很显著,不仅外观釉色偏青、胎色较白,上乘品更是釉面光亮、细腻、润泽无裂纹,半透性高。组成上白胎瓷釉中K₂O含量较高是一大特点,故釉面光泽度和透明度较好。白胎组成中Ti、Zr含量低,Rb含量高,与其它各代区别明显。显微结构分析则表明其釉中分相结构较为复杂,独立分析液滴呈抱团状分布。而胎的显微结构更是与众不同,极少气海,玻璃相与析出晶体均较高,这可能是其透光性好的主要原因。呈色机理分析表明,其釉为复合呈色方式,釉中Fe₂O₃产生的化学着色作用和釉层中物理结构（残余晶体和分相液滴）色对入射光线的散射作用,或加深或淡化了呈色,且对釉面的色饱和度和乳浊度也有一定的影响。测试对比研究发现,西安西大街出土的白胎青瓷与耀州窑遗址出土五代至北宋初白胎青瓷样品为同一类瓷,郑州西大街出土标本亦与其很类似,而蒲津渡样品则为宋代耀窑器的特征。但郑州西大街出土的疑是"柴窑"器与西安西大街出土疑是"柴窑"器,是否为同一窑口烧造,还需要进行一步的深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to research the characteristics and reveal the relationship between Chai kiln and Yaozhou kiln,this work took the Five dynasty sky-green ware of Yaozhou kiln with white body as the major study object and compared with celadon of Tang,Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties.Based on the analysis of XRF,XRD,FT-1R,XPS and SEM,a possible coloring mechanism was proposed to explain the variation of glaze colors with the effect of chemical compositions,phase,ratio of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ and microstructure.The results indicated that the Five dynasty sky-green ware of Yaozhou kiln with white body had obvious differences comparing with other dynasties.Not only the glaze color was blue in the bluish,but also the body cojor was white.Moreover,the better glaze had fine and smooth surface,few crack and high transparency.The chemical compositions analysis indicated that the most obvious characteristic of the sky-green glaze was high content of K₂O,which led to the better gloss and transparency than others.Furthermore,the Ti and Zr contents were low,and the Rb content was high in the white body.The microstructures analysis indicated that the phase separation structures were relatively complex,and the discrete droplets were clump-like distribution in the glaze.Additionally,there were very few bubbles,more glass phase and crystals in the body,which was the reason for good light transmission.The coloring mechanism analysis indicated that the chemical color of Fe₂O₃ was the main coloring factor,and the scattering of phyical structures（residual crystals and phase separation droplets） might deepen or weaken the chemical color in the glaze.The scattering of residual crystals and phase separation droplets also affected the color saturation and opacity of glaze surfaces.In addition,after making a further comparative study,the celadon of white body unearthed in Xi Dajie of Xi’an and Xi Dajie of Zhengzhou had the same characteristics with the shards unearthed in Yaozhou kiln site.However,the shards of Pujingdu had characteristics of Song dynasty celadon of Yaozhou kiln.Besides,whether the shards of grayish white body unearthed in Xi Dajie of Xi’an and Zhengzhou,both are suspected the "Chai ware",still need for further investigated.更多还原