【作者】 邓安凤； 杨从党； 陈清华； 施云； 陈跃楷； 李丛英； 徐世林； 毛桂祥； 李贵勇； 夏琼梅； 朱海平；

【Author】 DENG Anfeng;YANG Congdang;CHEN Qinghua;SHI Yun;CHEN Yuekai;LI Congying;XU Shilin;MAO Guixiang;LI Guiy-ong;XIA Qiongmei;ZHU Haiping;Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yiliang County;

【机构】 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所； 云南省宜良县农业技术推广中心；

【摘要】 以常规粳稻品种云粳41为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,研究不同密度下水稻一次性施用控释肥和分次施用尿素对直播稻产量及其构成因素、群体光合物质生产的影响,并探讨了不同施肥方式对不同密度下直播稻的产量性状和产量之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)不同施肥方式下,密度相同时,分次施肥的处理比控释肥一次性基施的处理和不施肥对照增产,产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,分次施肥处理的产量显著高于控释肥一次性基施的处理;在相同氮肥条件下,直播稻产量随着直播密度的增加而降低,以基本苗2万/667 m~2的处理产量最高,6万/667 m~2的处理产量居中,10万/667m~2的处理产量最低。(2)在施用控释肥的处理中,密度相同时,增加施氮量能够显著提高直播稻的有效穗数和每穗颖花数;施氮量相同时,单位面积有效穗数随密度的增加而提高,每穗颖花数刚好相反。单位面积颖花量和实际产量之间呈极显著正相关关系。在形成适宜穗数的基础上提高每穗颖花量,从而增加单位面积的颖花量是提高直播稻产量的主要途径。(3)当密度相同时,抽穗至成熟期总干物质积累量、群体生长率、群体叶面积和总颖花数都随着施氮量的增加而提高。本试验中,以精确定量栽培技术为核心的分次施肥A1RPQ4处理的群体结构优于其他处理,群体茎蘖消长动态最为平稳,抽穗期至成熟期的总干物质积累量、颖花/叶比和粒质量/叶比最大,产量最高,达到875.14kg/667 m~2。更多还原

【Abstract】 A split plot design with two factors was used to study the effects of different densities and fertilization method on Yield and its components and photosynthetic matter accumulation,using conventional japonica rice variety Yungeng 41 as material.The results showed that:(1) Under the different fertilization methods,in the same density,the yields were increased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer,the yields of split fertilization were significantly higher than that of controlled release fertilization and the control;at the same N level,the yields were decreased with the increasing of density.(2)Under the controlled release fertilization,in the same density,the effective panicles and grains per panicle were increased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer significantly;at the same N level,the effective panicles were increased with the increasing of density,but the grains per panicle were opposite.There are significantly positive relationship between spikelet number per unit area and the yield.Increasing the spikelets per panicle based on suitable panicle number,thus could increase the spikelet number per unit area,which is the main way to improve rice yield.(3) In the same density,the total dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity,the population growth rate,leaf areas and total spikelets were increased with the amount of nitrogen.In this paper,the population structure of A1 RPQ4 treatment was better than the other treatments,it had stable dynamics of tillers,higher total dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity,higher spikelet/leaf ratio,grain weight/leaf ratio,and the yield reached 875.14 kg/667 m~2.更多还原