【作者】 田立文； 崔建平； 郭仁松； 徐海江； 林涛； 刘志清； 宁新民；

【Author】 Tian Liwen;Cui Jianpin;Guo Rensong;Xu Haijiang;Lin Tao;Liu Zhiqing;Ning Xinmin;Institute of Cash Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Long-staple Cotton Research Center of Awati County;

【机构】 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所； 阿瓦提县长绒棉研发中心；

【摘要】 新疆是中国唯一的长绒棉生产区,种植的长绒棉来源于中亚埃及型海岛棉,其面积、单产和总产较大,甚至短期剧烈波动呈上升趋势。目前新疆长绒棉常年种植面积、单产与总产量分别约为10万hm²、1200kg·hm^-2、12万t,总产量约占世界长绒棉（包括埃及的绒长≤35mm的长绒棉）的四分之一,约占世界ELS（不包括绒长≤35mm的长绒棉）总产量的三分之一。新疆长绒棉品种遗传品质指标普遍为2.5%跨长36mm以上,断裂比强度41.0cN·tex^-1以上,长度整齐度指数85.0%以上,马克隆值4.2左右,断裂伸长率6.8%以上,反射率76%左右。新疆长绒棉生产取得的成就与该棉区成功培育了多个优良品种,并研究制定了配套的"矮、密、早、膜、滴灌"密切相关。新疆长绒棉生产出现的大起大落的原因主要是由于棉花价格和需求量剧烈波动所致,政策、自然灾害和生产成本也对棉花生产产生较大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang is the sole ELS cotton producing area in China.ELS cotton is derived from central Asian-Egyptian type sea island cotton.In Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,cultivation area,per unit area yield and total yield of ELS cotton are relatively high and show a short-term sharply fluctuating upward trend.Currently,annual cultivation area,per unit area yield and total yield of ELS cotton in Xinjiang are approximately 10×104 hm²,1200kg·hm^-2 and 12×104 t,respectively.Specifically,total yield of ELS cotton in Xinjiang accounts for a quarter of total yield of long-staple cotton（including L.STPL in Egypt）and one-third of total yield of ELS cotton（excluding L.STPL in Egypt）in the world.In Xinjiang,common genetic quality indicators of ELS cotton cultivars are:2.5% span length above 36 mm,specific strength above 41.0cN·tex^-1,uniformity above 85.0%,micronaire value around 4.2,elongation rate above 6.8%,reflectivity around 76%.In Xinjiang cotton planting region,many excellent ELS cotton cultivars have been bred successfully,and "short,dense,early,mulching,dripping" supporting measures have been developed.The remarkable fluctuation of cotton production in Xinjiang is mainly due to varying cotton price and demand.In addition,policies,natural disasters and production costs also have a greater impact on cotton production.更多还原