【作者】 原青云； 刘尚合； 孙永卫； 刘存礼； 武占成；

【Author】 YUAN Qing-yun;LIU Shang-he;SUN Yong-wei;LIU Cun-li;WU Zhan-cheng;Electrostatic & Electromagnetic Protection Institute, Ordnance Engineering College;

【机构】 军械工程学院静电与电磁防护研究所；

【摘要】 随着我国航天器面临的新环境,以及新平台、新技术的采用和使用寿命的延长,航天器因材料表面带电效应造成的故障率呈现上升趋势,从而使得航天器材料表面带电机理以及防护研究成为世界范围的前沿性课题。通过材料的选择可以减少空间环境下航天器材料表面带电及其效应产生的危害,而对空间环境下航天器材料表面带电特性进行测试和评估是材料选择的重要依据。针对这种情况,本文对空间环境下航天器材料表面带电特性的试验方法和评估手段进行了研究。通过研究,确定了表面电位是表征空间环境下航天器材料表面带电最重要的参数;设计了一种真空度可达5×105Pa,电子源能量在0~50k V范围内可调,束流密度在0.5~10n A/cm2范围内可调,等离子体密度可达1011/cm3的航天器材料表面带电地面实验室模拟装置;研制了一套空间环境下航天器材料表面电位动态测试系统,从而实现了对空间环境下航天器材料表面电位进行多点、实时地测量和研究;研制了一种静电放电脉冲测试微型探头,实现了对空间环境下航天器材料表面静电放电脉冲信号的测量。这些研究成果为航天器材料表面带电特性的测试和评估提供了技术手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with facing the new environment, adopting the new environment and new technique, and prolonging the service lifetime for the spacecraft, a mass of dielectric materials(e.g. Kapton, et al) will be used abroad on the spacecraft, the failure rate of the spacecraft caused by the material’s surface charging effects is increasing, therefore, the study of the surface charging mechanism of the spacecraft materials and its protecting method has been become a worldwide frontier problem. Spacecraft material’s surface charging and its hurts in space environment can be diminished by materials selection, and the testing and evaluating of the spacecraft material’s surface charging characteristics in space environment is one of the important factor for materials selection. In the paper, the testing and evaluating methods of the spacecraft material’s surface charging characteristics in space environment was studied. According to the studied results, the surface potential was defined as the most important characterization parameter of the spacecraft material’s surface charging in space environment; a kind of spacecraft material’s surface charging simulated equipment was designed, its vacuum degree is up to 5×105Pa, electronic energy is ranged from 0 k V to 50 k V, beam density is ranged from 0.5 n A/cm2 to 10 n A/cm2, plasma density is up to 1011/cm3; a kind of dynamic testing system for spacecraft material’s surface charging in space environment was developed, the multipoint and real-time testing of the spacecraft material’s surface potential in space environment was realized; a kind of microprobe used to test the electrostatic discharge(ESD) pulse was developed, the testing of the spacecraft material’s ESD pulse signal in space environment was realized. Those productions can provide a technical means to test and evaluate the spacecraft material’s surface charging characteristics in space environment.更多还原