【作者】 侯晶晶；

【机构】 南京师范大学道德教育研究所； 中国肢残人协会； 江苏省社会学学会；

【摘要】 公交车上其他乘客拒向行动不便者让座,已是我国社会的一个道德痼疾。它构成了社会道德风气的一个显性负向表征,影响着我国民众的公德养成和残疾人的权利保障。拒不让座现象的成因包括:单纯的道德软约束不足以改变"让座系高阶道德行为"的常见观念,传统儒家的等级化人伦观不利于人们实践尊重弱势的人际关系,少数人的道德反思无法消除社会负面道德惯习的示范作用。鉴于我国构建文化软实力的需要、我国残疾人权益保障的已有法律基础以及本研究者在美国12个月实地考察的相关法规,我国行动不便者在公共交通工具上享有优先座位权,应由单纯的道德权利转变为法律权利。为了避免像此前地方性"让座令"那样引发较多社会争议,行动不便者在公共交通工具上的优先座位权应由全国具有高权威性的立法机构加以确认,以配套完善的法律法规保证其可操作性,并引导广大民众借鉴国际立法经验进行反思,加速其普遍接受和遵循此法规的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Unentitled passengers’ refusal to relinquish priority seats in public vehicles has been a long existing moral issue in China, which is an overt negative index of social ethos impacting the cultivation of Chinese’ civil morality and the protection of people with disabilities’ rights. The causes accounting for this issue include that sheer moral soft regulations cannot alter the widely held conception that "relinquishing priority seats is a high‐level moral conduct", that the traditional Confucian hierarchical view of human relations is not conducive for others to respect the disadvantaged, and that the moral reflections by the minority cannot counteract the modelling effect of immoral ethos in this aspect. Considering China’s need to cultivate soft power of culture, the existing legal regulations protecting people with disabilities’ rights and relevant international legislative experience I have studied in my twelve‐month stay in the U.S., people with disabilities’ priority of seats in public vehicles should be elevated from moral rights to legal rights in China. To avoid the social disputes aroused by previously made local Seat Priority Decrees, future legislative procedures concerning priority of seats should be implemented by highly authoritative legislature organizations, and their feasibility should be guaranteed by comprehensive regulations. In addition, the public should be exposed to relevant international legislation cases and moral reflections so as to speed up the general public acceptance and conformity of these legal regulations.更多还原