【作者】 张振华；

【Author】 ZHANG Zhen-hua;Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China,Hunan Agricultural University;

【机构】 南方粮油作物协同创新中心湖南农业大学资源环境学院；

【摘要】 铵态氮和硝态氮（NO₃^-）是作物氮素吸收利用的主要形态,旱作作物NO₃^-的累积与利用是氮素营养研究的主要组成部分,关系到作物体内NO₃^-含量和氮素利用效率（nitrogen use efficiency,NUE）高低的问题。NO₃^-短途分配（液泡NO₃^-分配）和长途转运（地上、地下部NO₃^-的转运）共同调控着NO₃^-的利用效率,进而影响到作物的NLUE。液泡对NO₃^-起到分隔作用,储存在液泡中的NO₃^-并不能对NO₃^-转运相关基因（如NR、NO₃^-长途转运基因NRTI.5和NRTI.8）起到诱导效果:只有分配在液泡外原生质体中的NO₃^-才能对NO₃^-诱导基因产生强烈的诱导。因此,作物细胞原生质体中液泡内、外NO₃^-的分配不仅影响了NO₃^-的同化利用,而且可能直接影响了NO₃^-的长途转运。本文对原生质体中液泡内、外NO₃^-的短途分配以及植株地上、地下部间NO₃^-的长途转运机制进行了总结,为进一步深入研究作物地上、地下部NO₃^-长途转运和液泡NO₃^-短途分配的关系提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ammonia and nitrate（NO₃^-） is the primary forms of crop nitrogen（N） absorption and utilization.NO₃^- accumulation and utilization in plant tissues of dryland crops is the main component of N nutrient study,which was related to the nitrate content and N use efficiency（NUE） in plant tissues.NO₃^- use efficiency and NUE were regulated by NO₃^- short distribution（vacuole NO₃^-distribution） and NO₃^- long transport（between root and shoot）.NO₃^-is separated by vacuole,NO₃^- assimilation genes and transport genes can not be induced by vacuole NO₃^-,but can be induced by the NO₃^- outside of the vacuole within the protoplast.Consequently,not only NO₃^- assimilation is regulated by NO₃^- short distribution,but also affected the NO₃^- long transport between root and shoot.We concluded the mechanisms of NO₃^- short distribution and long transport in this review,and provide some references for further study on the relationship between NO₃^- long transport and vacuole NO₃^- short distribution in future.更多还原