【作者】 展茗； 赵明； 李淑娅； 田少阳； 袁国印； 葛均筑； 翟中兵； 凌霄霞；

【Author】 ZHAN Ming;ZHAO Ming;LI Shu-Ya;TIAN Shao-Yang;YUAN Guo-Yin;GE Jun-Zhu;ZHAI Zhong-Bing;LING Xiao-Xia;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River)of Ministry of Agriculture/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology of Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Wuxue Modern Agriculture Demonstration Center;

【机构】 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室； 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室； 武穴市现代农业示范中心；

【摘要】 近年来长江中游玉米面积发展较快,该区域面临着种植结构合理调整问题,关系到玉米生产及其它作物的合理发展。因此本研究于2013²014年在湖北省武穴市设置了春玉米-晚稻、双季玉米和早稻-秋玉米等三种新型种植模式,以传统种植的双季稻为对照,分析比较其周年产量及光、温、水资源利用效率,温室气体排放和经济效益。结果表明,春玉米-晚稻和双季玉米周年产量显著高于早稻-秋玉米和双季稻。与双季稻相比,春玉米-晚稻周年产量、光能生产效率、光能利用率、积温生产效率、水分利用率及经济效益分别提高18.3%、14.1%、23.4%、16.4%、37.2%和44.3%,双季玉米分别提高了13.5%、8.1%、26.1%、11.4%、88.8%和37.8%。春玉米其产量、积温生产效率、水分利用率及经济效益两年平均比早稻分别高出30.6%、29.5%、57.2%和96.1%,而秋玉米和晚稻之间产量无显著差异。不同玉稻模式周年产量差异主要源于第一季春玉米和早稻产量的差异。四种模式相比,双季稻CI-14累积排放量最多,N₂O累积排放量最少;双季玉米则与之相反,且其GWP最高;而春玉米-晚稻的GWP最低。可见,春玉米-晚稻模式具有高产、高效、低排放的特征,适宜在长江中游稻区推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,maize planting area had rapidly developed in the middle reaches of Yangtze river.This region is facing the urgent adjustment of cropping system for healthy development of maize and other crops production.Thus,we developed three new maize related cropping systems including spring maize-late rice（MR）,double season maize（MM） and early rice-autumn maize（RM）,and studied their annual yield,use efficiency of solar radiation,heat and water,greenhouse gases emissions and economic benefit,in comparison with the traditional early rice- late rice（RR）.The experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuxue county,Hubei province with three replicates in 2013 and 2014.The results showed that annual yield of MR and MM were significantly higher than RM and RR.Compared with RR,MR increased annual yield,solar radiation productive efficiency,solar radiation use efficiency,accumulated heat productive efficiency,water use efficiency and economic benefit by 18.3%,14.1%,23.4%,16.4%,37.2% and 44.3%,respectively;meanwhile,MM enhanced these items by 13.5%,8.1%,26.1%,11.4%,88.8% and 37.8%,respectively.The spring maize was higher than early rice in grain yield by 30.6%,and there was no significant difference in yield between autumn maize and late rice.In comparison with early rice,spring maize increased accumulated heat productive efficiency,water use efficiency and economic benefit in the two years by 29.5%,57.2% and 96.1%,respectively.So the difference in annual yield of different cropping systems was mainly due to yield difference between the first season spring maize and early season rice.Among the four cropping system,RR accumulated the highest annual emission in CH₄,and lowest emission in N₂O.Compared with RR,MM exhibited the inverse behavior in CB₄ and N₂O emission,and obtained the highest global warming potential（GWP）.MR showed the consistent lowest GWP in both years.In a word,MR has the potential in high annual yield,high benefit and low greenhouse gases emissions,and is appropriate to extend in the middle reaches of Yangtze River.更多还原