【作者】 戴永年； 杨斌； 马文会； 陈为亮；

【Author】 Dai yongnian Yang Bin Ma Wenhui Chen Weiliang (Research Institure of vacuum Metallurgy and materialsKunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China)

【机构】 昆明理工大学真空冶金及材料研究所；

【摘要】 回顾了近三十年来有色金属真空冶金方面的一些进展,扼要说明其作用和应当注意发展的若干方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past thirty years, the development of Vacuum Metallurgy （VM） on nonferrous metals and separating alloys were very effectively. The separation coefficient β,[β=r₁p₁/（r₂p₂）] to judge the possibility of vacuum distillation separation were derived. From the equation Ag=[1+B₁r_BP_B/（A₁r_Ap_A）]^-1 to calculate the mass fraction of component A in vapor, then drawing vapor-liguid phase equilibrium composition diagram to estimate the degree of separation. Two kind vacuum furnaces as horizontal and vertical types were researched and constructed for vacuum distillating processes. Which had used in 36 plants and two nations: Bolivia and Brazil. It shows the VM were: short flow sheet, Low consumption of raw materials and energy used, small capital construction cost, free pollution to the environmet, low operation cost and large economic benefit. So these furnaces and its processes used on all the nation rapidly. The used VM processes as: Separating pb-Sn alloy to form tin and lead, from pb-Ag alloy to pb nd Ag, remove Zn from hard zinc and from hot-dip zinc crusts, and enrich Ge、In、Ag in the residues, to refine common zinc to high grade zinc, it contains 3 ppm Fe, refine crude cadimium divide T1, to divide As from GaAs residues, separate Sn from crude lead, to divide Sb from Sn-Sb alloys. As the same, ore or chemical compound complex treating in vacuum to divide some component were studied, as to separate Zn from copper sulphide concentrates. Separate As from cobalt ore.After that, vacuum reducting metal oxide as MgO、 Li2O 、 ZnO......……were studied, get many good results. Then Li-company built up.To make fine powder matter in vacuum were also researched, such as fine zinc powder, manganese powder and Si3N4 powder were researched. Because making gaseous matter easily in vacuum, the gaseous matter particle is small as molecules. Then the vapor condenses, the gas partical collect, control the condensed conditions as temperature gradient, cooling rate, to control the partical size of the product, the fine powder is formed. So VM have widely uses and to dilate its area continuously.更多还原