【作者】 赵杨景； 王玉萍； 邵迪； 杨峻山； 刘东；

【Author】 ZHAO Yang-jing WANG Yu-ping SHAO Di YANG Jun-shan LIU Dong(Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100094, China)

【机构】 中国医学科学院；

【摘要】 采用恒温光照培养,全营养水培和室内土壤盆栽的方法研究了西洋参的自毒及紫苏对西洋参的相生作用,应用GC-MS鉴定了西洋参自毒物质的化合物类型。结果表明:(1)西洋参茎叶、须根和根系分泌物中存在活性较高的自毒物质。经GC-MS分析根系疏水性分泌物,在鉴定得知的26个化合物中脂肪酸类占64%以上,其他有呋喃酮类、半倍萜类和烯、醇类等,茎叶和须根的水提物及醇提物的乙醚部分抑制西洋参种根生长的作用最强,而正丁醇部分基本没有影响。西洋参茎叶和须根中的自毒物质的含量达1 g/kg时,4年生西洋参几乎不能生长;当含量为0.2 g/kg时,西洋参的存苗率可降低25%以上。(2)紫苏对西洋参的生长有相生作用,在前茬为紫苏和施入苏子的土壤上种植4年生西洋参,其存苗率及生物学产量比对照分别提高26.8%和11.5%,所以西洋参宜与紫苏轮作,轮作时以苏子作肥料则更佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Allelopathy of American ginseng (Panax quinque folium L)and Common Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa Decne. ) were studied using illuminating incubator, water culture with complete nutrition and soil culture in flowerpots in hothouse. The autotoxin produced by American ginseng was identified with GC-MS. The results are showed as followings:(1) In stems and leaves, fibrous roots and root secretions of American ginseng highly active autotoxins were present. The hydrophobic root exudates was analyzed with GC-MS and among 26 compounds were identified as fatty acids (more than 64%) and the remains are furanketone, sesquiterpenes, alkene and alcohol. Ether phase of water and alcohol extracts of stems and leaves and fibrous root can inhibit the growth of ginseng roots. But n-butyl alcohol phase hasn’t this inhibition effect. When the concentration of autotoxin from stems/ leaves or fibrous roots (water soluble) reached 1 g per 1 kg soil, 4 years old American ginseng couldn’t grow. When the concentration was 0. 2 g per 1 kg soil, the survival rate of American ginseng decreased over 25%.(2) Perilla can promote the growth of American ginseng. The rate of fell stand and biological products can raised to 26. 8% and 11. 5% respectively in comparison with CK when the ginseng cultivated in soil previous Perilla planted and sowed with Perilla seeds. So, American ginseng is recommended to rotate with Common Perilla, and it is better to be fertilized with Perilla seeds.更多还原