【作者】 王光美； 蒋高明； 金鉴明； 季延寿； 陈昌笃； 王献溥； 于顺利； 彭羽；

【Author】 WANG Guang-Mei, JIANG Gao-Ming, JIN Jian-Ming, JI Yan-Shou, CHEN Chang-DU,WANG Xian-Pu, YU Shun-Li, PENG YU (Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China; StateEnvironmental Protection Administration of China, Beijing, 100035, China; ChinaBiodiversity Conservation Foundation, Beijing, 100077, China; college of EnvironmentalScience, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China)

【机构】 中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室； 国家环境保护总局； 中国生物多样性保护基金会； 北京大学环境学院；

【摘要】 我国生物多样性正受到前所未有的破坏,迅猛增长的人口是生物多样性丧失的根本原因。2001年,中国人口达到12.94亿,为满足自身的需要,人们对自然资源过度利用,忽视生态、经济、社会的可持续发展,导致生物栖息地丧失,外来生物入侵,环境污染严重,使生物多样性受到严重破坏。保护生物多样性重点是保护物种多样性,建立自然保护区实行就地保护是最好的办法,在我国生物多样性保护工作中发挥了不可替代的作用。但目前自然保护区保护与社区发展的矛盾日益尖锐,阻碍了其保护作用的充分发挥,应通过政府部门、科学家与社区居民共同参与,进行平等对话予以解决。本文同时介绍了国际上可持续科学关于发展与保护的观点,并以浑善达克退化生态系统恢复为例,提出了“以地养地”的退化生态系统恢复模式,借助自然力恢复受损的生境,使生物多样性得到保护和持续利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The biodiversity in China is being destroyed seriously. The basic reason that caused this problem is the rapid increase of population. In 2001, China has a population achieved 1 294 million, 21% of the world population. To meet their own demand, people have to explore all kinds of resources unscrupulously while neglect the sustainable development, which result in the loss of habitat, biological invasion, and serious environmental pollution. All these conditions induced the loss of biodiversity. Protection of species diversity is most important for maintaining biodiversity, and the best way is to set up natural reserves to protect the habitats. However, the development of natural reserve in China is embarrassed by the confliction between resource protections and the social development of local community, which restricted the protecting function of natural reserve. This problem should be resolved by common participation of government, scientists, and local residents through dialoguing equally. The opinions of the relationship between protection and development in sustainability science were also introduced in this paper. With an example of the restoration of Hunshandak Sand, a new model of "nurturing the land by the land itself and using natural process to restore degrade ecosystem was given by us. In such a model, we only use a small part land to meet the local demand by improving the use efficiency with the help of modern science and technology, while making the large part land unused. Without the disturbance of humankind, the degraded ecosystem has restored successfully by using natural process, with biodiversity largely increased and natural resource sustain ably used.更多还原