【作者】 赵忠虎； 张茹； 李业学；

【Author】 Zhao Zhonghu~(1,2) Zhang Ru~2 Li Yexue~2 1.School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China; 2.College of Water Resource & Hydropower Siehuan University,Chengdu 610065,China

【机构】 兰州大学土木工程与力学学院； 四川大学水利水电学院；

【摘要】 岩石在变形破坏的过程中始终和外界进行能量的交换。选用工程中比较常见的花岗岩、玄武岩、大理岩、板岩、砂岩和灰岩六种岩石,进行了加卸载试验和全过程试验,并进行了相应的能量计算。经研究发现,不同种类岩石的荷载位移曲线和应力应变曲线差异很大,但强度和破坏形态之间没有明显的相关性。不同岩石破坏时需要的能量不同,硬岩破坏时荷载大,变形小,存储的弹性能多,而耗散能相对较小, 破坏后裂纹少,断口比较平直。软岩破坏时所需荷载小,变形大,弹性能和耗散能基本相等,破坏后裂纹较多。岩石峰值前存储的弹性能在峰值后释放,提供部分破坏动力,造成岩石的破坏。通过研究,作者认为岩石的变形破坏与能量之间有密切关系,并且能量的观点可以更好地描述岩石的变形破坏行为。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rock deformation and failure is a process which exchanges energy with exotic environment.Based on the bad-unload test and uniaxial compressive test with granite,basalt,marble,slate,sandrock and limestone which are commonly used in rock engineering,relational energy is calculated that cause the deformation and failure of rock. It is indicated that the load-displacement curve and the stress-strain curve are varied largely to the different kinds of rock.However,there is no obvious relationship between the strength and the failure mode.The energy that causes the failure of different kinds of rocks is different.The failing characters of hard rock include the large load,the small deformation,the much elastic energy,the little dissipation energy,a few cracks and the regular fracture.On the contrary,the failing characters of soft rock include the small load,the large deformation,the nearly equal elastic energy and dissipation energy,and the many cracks.It seems that the elastic energy provides the partial power that results in the failure of rocks,which the elastic energy is stored before the strength peak and released after the strength peak.It’s suggested that there is a dose relationship between failure and energy,and the energy viewpoint can describe the deformation and failure of rock better.更多还原