应用纳米技术有效降低卷烟烟气中有害物质含量的方法研究

【作者】 周骏； 朱永法； 白若石； 易小丽； 严莉红； 孙岳； 王巍巍； 常翔； 何爱军；

【机构】 北京卷烟厂； 清华大学；

【摘要】 选择性地降低卷烟烟气中的有害成分已经成为摆在人们面前亟待解决的国际性的难题。我们通过研究合成了对卷烟烟气中烟草特有N-亚硝胺、有害稠环芳烃化合物等有清除作用的纳米材料。通过改性试验研究,我们合成了能均匀分散在三醋酸甘油酯中的改性纳米材料,并用此改性纳米材料制作出了复合卷烟滤棒。将未改性的上述纳米材料以烟丝重量0.5%的加料比分散在各种香、料液中均匀加入卷烟原料中制作烟丝,并使用上述使用了改性纳米材料的复合滤棒制作出纳米3mg中南海卷烟。经郑州烟草研究院和国家烟草质检中心测定,卷烟烟气中有害烟草特有N-亚硝胺NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK的选择性降低率分别为53.9%、53.0%、55.6%、52.9%,4种烟草特有N-亚硝胺的总量选择性降低率应为53.5%;烟烟气中有害稠环芳烃苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽、Chrysene的释放量的选择性降低率分别为67.0%、63.4%、70.5%,3种烟烟气中有害稠环芳烃的总量的选择性降低率为67.20%,说明在烟丝和滤嘴中使用纳米材料的降低卷烟烟气中有害烟草特有N-亚硝胺和有害稠环芳烃的效果明显,而且此效果长期稳定;与对照样相比,纳米3mg中南海卷烟烟气中有害的芳香胺类、挥发性羰基化合物、酚类化合物的释放量均有明显的降低,其中芳香胺类总量的的选择性降低率为52.5%,羰基化合物的选择性降低率为39.2%,、酚类化合物的选择性降低率为34.6%,烟气气相自由基的选择性降低率为31.2%;已经测定的纳米3mg中南海卷烟主流烟气中27种有害的成分中,有26种的释放量选择性降低率在20%以上,选择性降低率在30%以上的有21种,选择性降低率在40%以上的有15种,选择性降低率在50%以上的10种,选择性降低率在60%以上的有5种;与对照样相比,纳米3mg中南海的感官质量没有明显的变化;经测算,采用此项技术每5万支卷烟的制造成本增加不到50元。另外,我们将在烟丝和滤嘴中均使用了纳米材料的纳米3mg中南海卷烟和对照样品送到军事医学科学院二所进行生物医学评价,经实验证明,与对照烟相比在烟丝和滤嘴中均使用了纳米材料的纳米3mg中南海卷烟的细胞毒性、诱发细胞氧化损伤、膜损伤、染色体基因突变均显著降低;动物急性暴露卷烟烟气的致死时间显著延长,慢性卷烟烟气的免疫毒性、生殖毒性、长期毒性均明显减轻,说明纳米3mg中南海卷烟的危害性明显降低。我们还将纳米3mg中南海卷烟滤嘴和烟丝中使用的纳米材料军事医学科学院二所进行安全性毒理学评价,经实验证明,这两种纳米材料对在卷烟中应用是安全的。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a great challenge to selectively reduce the harmful components in cigarette smoke for tobacco scientists.We have prepared a kind of nanometer material that can be well dispersed in water and alcohol and its modified type that can be well dispersed in triacetate.0.5%(W/W)of the nanometer material was dispersed in tobacco casing and flavoring and then added to tobacco,tobacco shreds,tobacco stem,expended tobacco and expended stem in tobacco processing.8%(W/W)of the modified nanometer material was dispersed in glycerol triacetate and then sprayed evenly to acetyl cellulose to make complex cigarette filter.The above cut tobacco with the nanometer material and the complex cigarette filter with the modified nanometer material were used to make ZNH Cigarette with tar delivery of 3 mg/cig.The cigarette was detected in Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine,Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute and China National Tobacco Testing Center.The test results showed that 53.9% of N-Nitrosonornicotine(NNN),53.0% of N-Nitrosoanabasine(NAB),55.6% of N-Nitosoanatabine(NAT),52.9% of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),61% of benz(a)anthracene,63.4% of chrysene,70.5% of benzo(a)pyrene,52.5% of the aromatic amines,39.2% of the volatile carbonyls,34.6% of the phenolic compounds and 31.2% of gas-phase free radicals in the main-stream cigarette smoke were selectively reduced,while the taste of the cigarettes changed very slightly.Importantly,a number of examinations with animal model and biomedical experiment demonstrated that the physiological toxicity of the cigarettes made with the nanometer material and the modified nanometer material was considerably lower than that of the controls.Thus,our new techniques satisfy making cigarette-smoke of lower risk with good taste acceptance.更多还原