【作者】 王直军； 陈进； 邓晓保； 白智林； 刘志秋； 杨清；

【Author】 Wang Zhijun Chen Jin Deng Xiaobao Bai Zhilin Liu Zhiqiu Yang Qing(Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Science, 50 Xue Fu Road, Kunming, 650223)

【机构】 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园；

【摘要】 我们研究了西双版纳不同强度人为影响的热带山林长果桑果期摄食鸟类种群结构,对地区的发展和热带山地生态系统的维护有了新的认识.鸟类对山地环境的变化敏感,对森林结构和食物资源的反应明显,一些地区特有的鸟类种和亚种、大中型非雀形目鸟类、以及人们需要重点保护的鸟类,已经随着植被结构的变化和食源的减少而失去了.若不尽早消除干扰、改善植被结构,情况还会越来越严重.只有保护森林自然结构和自然更新,停止对森林结构的破坏性干扰,才可能有效保护鸟类多样性.热带雨林是大自然赋予人类的珍贵资源宝库,有着久远的发展历史;认识其间的动植物关系,以及人类影响下的动态变化,不仅有重要学术意义,而且对热带山地生态系统的保护、恢复,山区的持续发展有现实指导作用.更多还原

【Abstract】 The trees of Moraceae have an ancient consummate relationship with birds which eat their fruits and disperse their seeds in tropical forests of mountain land, Xishuangbanna. There is instance of Morus mocroura tree that bears polymeric berries apparently evolved for consumption by birds. However, human impact the primary tropical forests that influenced the relationship.The impacts of habitat conversion may occur over a much longer time scale as individual species of Morus mocroura become threatened. The disruption in forest structure and mountain e-cosystem function that occur as species is lost will lead to lose more species. The bird structures in different digrees of human impact to natural ecosystem provide important insight into habitat conversion that reveal a deeper level of understanding of man and nature.Habitat conversion is the major threat to biodiversity.Besides habitat coversion from forests to agriculture and then to degraded land, the natural structure of tropical forests is changing with human activities. Natural layer of forest was converted into economic plants, In many places, widespread commercial economic plants are growing, such as the natural grass layer and shrub lager have been replaced by Amomum spp., this influences natural regeneration of Morus macroura alter the habitat available for othe species and lead to a reduction in wildlife biodiversity.This field work was carried out during the polymeric berries of Morus mocroura was ripe,which were eaten by birds. The sizes of the fragrant polymeric berries are suitable for different gape width that attract many species of birds, and these birds easily swallow the berries by different ways. There is a harmonious relationship between birds and food resources to coexist, however it is changing by the influence of human in some areas of Xishuangbanna.Through a compare-tive study in Menglun and Nangong Mountain, concerning forest plots, the diversity (H and Hmax) of birds, and foraging ratio is higher at the Nangong Mountain, the overlap of the foraging birds and their competition is higher in Menglun forest plots. There are 35 species including 23 species and subspecies of native birds, 10 species of special protected birds have been recorded in Nangong Mountain, only 20 species including 12 species and subspecies of native birds in Menglun forest plots. Many species of birds are quickly disappearing with the destruction of primary forest ecosystem in Menglun mountain region.A gap in current knowledge is in determining how about conversion and recovery of the mountain ecosystem, however, mobile species such as birds can help us to know the basic dynamics of the natural processes. Meanwhile, bird conservation should be put into ecosystem as a whole. If we do not study mountain ecosystem soon, we shall face a grave problem with a poorer environment and living condition. It is essential that restoration and conservation should be undertaken before substantial losses of species have occurred. The problem for bird diversity reducing should be solved by applying a system approach combining ecological system with social system thus to understand the relationships between the natural components and human to environmental management.更多还原