【作者】 朱于敏； 陆林根； 秦德兴； 李震；

【Author】 Yumin Zhu~(1,2) Lingen Lu~3 Dexing Qin~3 Zhen Li~(1,2) (1 Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,Shanghai,201106; 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai 201106; 3 Jiading breeding stock farm of Shanghai,Shanghai 201807)

【机构】 上海农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所； 上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室； 上海嘉定区种畜场；

【摘要】 戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是戊型肝炎病毒科戊型肝炎病毒属的唯一成员,是热带和亚热带地区水源性戊肝暴发的主要病因,同时也是戊肝流行区和发达国家戊肝散发的主要病因。尽管血液传播途径和垂直传播途径也有报道,但HEV的主要传播途径是粪口传播。青壮年感染HEV后的死亡率为0.5-3%,而孕妇的死亡率较高,达15-20%。HEV是一种无囊膜含有单股正链RNA的病毒,有三个不连续并有部分重叠的ORF组成。HEV有4个基因型但仅有1个血清型。目前,在INSDC数据库上已有1,600条HEV序列。HEV的诊断和鉴别方法已经建立。在美国、日本和许多其他国家相继分离鉴定的猪HEV与同地区分离的人HEV的高度同源性证实了HEV是一种人畜共患病,而且家猪、野鹿和野猪是自然界HEV的天然储库。本文就HEV的分子生物学、基因型、细胞培养及其诊断的最新进展进行了一综述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hepatitis E virus(HEY),the sole member of the genus Hepevirus in the family of Hepeviridae,is the major cause of several outbreaks of waterborne hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries and of sporadic cases of viral hepatitis in endemic and industrialized countries.Transmission of HEV occurs predominantly by the fecaloral route although parenteral and perinatal routes have been implicated.The overall death rate among young adults and pregnant women is 0.5-3% and 15-20%,respectively.HEV is a small non-enveloped particle that consists of a polyadenylated single-strand RNA molecule containing three discontinuous and partially overlapping open reading frames.There are four major genotypes of HEV and a single serotype.At present,there are approximately 1,600 sequences of HEV that are already available at INSDC of both human and animal isolates.Diagnostic and molecular assays have been described for the accurate differentiation of ongoing from remote infection of HEV.Identification and characterization of swine HEV in the United States,Japan,and many other countries and their close relationship to locally characterized human HEV found in the same geographic areas prove that HEV is indeed a zoonotic virus and that domestic swine,wild deer,and boars are reservoirs of HEV in nature.This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular biology,genotype,cell culture and diagnosis of HEV.更多还原