【作者】 程安春； 汪铭书； 陈孝跃； 周毅； 刘菲； 宋涌； 郭宇飞； 韩晓英； 袁桂萍； 徐超； 廖永洪； 方鹏飞； 刘兆宇；

【Author】 Cheng Anchun, Wang Mingshu, Chen Xiaoyue et al(Avain Disease Research Center, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014)

【机构】 四川农业大学动物科技学院禽病防治研究中心；

【摘要】 1998年以来,四川等养鸭地区发生一种以鸭头肿胀、眼结膜充血出血、全身皮肤广泛出血、肝脏肿大呈土黄色并伴有出血斑点、体温43℃以上、排草绿色稀粪等为特征的急性传染病,发病率在50-100%,死亡率40-80%甚至100%,经流行病学调查、临床症状和病理变化观察、病理组织学检查、病原的分离鉴定、人工感染实验、电镜观察、防治实验等确诊为一种新病,暂定为“鸭病毒性肿头出血症(Duek Viral Swollen HeadHaemorrhagic Disease)”。用鸭胚原代成纤维细胞自不同地区病死鸭分离到的12株抗原性一致的病毒,病毒粒子呈球形或椭圆形,直径约80nm,无囊膜,核酸为RNA,不凝集鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、黄牛、水牛及猪的红细胞,在pH4.0-pH8.0稳定,对氯仿有抵抗力,中和实验和交叉保护实验证实与鸭瘟病毒和鸭病毒性肝炎病毒无抗原相关性,琼扩实验证实与番鸭细小病毒禽、流感病毒、鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒、禽病毒性关节炎病毒和鹅副粘病毒无抗原相关性。分离毒经口服、皮下注射、肌肉注射和滴鼻途径感染鸭均能成功复制出与临床病例一致的症状和病变,而不能感染SPF鸡(鸡胚)、鹅。制备的高免血清和康复鸭血清具有良好紧急预防和治疗效果,利用病死鸭内脏制备的组织灭活苗和分离毒制备油剂灭活苗具有良好预防效果。根据分离病毒特性建议将分离毒划归呼肠孤病毒科。更多还原

【Abstract】 A acute infection disease with the characteristic of duck head swollen, conjunctiva hyperaemia or hemorrhage, all body skin hemorrhage, liver is yellow with swollen and hemorrhage, animal heat is over 43 ℃ and diarrhea with green dejecta. Morbidity is 50 to 100%, and mortality between 40 and 80%, occasionally reaching 100%, have been observed in many districts of Sichuan province, China since 1998. With the works of epidemiologic investigation, clinical signs and pathological lesions and histopathological changes, agents isolated and identified, experimental infected, viral particle examined by transmission electron microscope, prevention and cure experiment, we assured it is a new infection disease with the name of Duck Viral Swollen Head Haemorrhagic Disease. 12 strains viruses were isolated in duck embryo fibroblasts from different districts and all of them were consistent in antigenicity. The virion was unenveloped, spherical or elliptical in shape, about 80 nm in size and contained RNA. The virus isolates did not hemagglutinate erythrocytes of chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, cattle, buffalo or pig, stabilization in pH4.0-pH8.0. The virus was chloroform-resistant No antigenic relationship was demonstrated with duck plague virus (DPV) or duck hepatitis virus by virus neutralization and cross-protection studies, and with gosling plague virus (GPV), Muscovy Duck Parvovirus (MDPV), avian influenza virus(AIV), infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV), avian arthritis(ARV) or goose paramyxovirus by agar gel’precipitin test. Experimental infection with isolates by oral, Subcutaneous injection , muscle injection or Nose Dripping ,and resulted in reproduction of the disease with clinical signs and lesions similar to those observed in natural outbreaks. The isolates couldn’t infected SPF chicken, chicken embryo and goose. High-immune rabbit anti-isolates serum and serum from recovered ducks can cure or as an emergency measures. The inactived vaccines made from organs of died ducks or isolates had good immunity. Morphologically, the virus was identified as Orthoreovirus.更多还原