【作者】 严红； 李兴红； 张涛涛；

【Author】 YAN Hong, LI Xinghong, ZHANG Taotao (Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China)

【机构】 北京市农林科学院植保环保所；

【摘要】 近几年冬瓜死秧病在京郊地区发生严重,常造成毁种,有80%的冬瓜种植区已连续6年不能种冬瓜了。1999年从大兴礼贤镇采回病秧,经分离、回接、鉴定证明冬瓜死秧是由冬瓜枯萎病菌所致,病原为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。防治方法研究结果表明,嫁接换根法较好,在连茬地和轮作6年的地中发病率均为0,而对照发病率高达63.1%～100%,产量提高30%～50%,品质及口味与自根瓜无差异;抗病品种筛选表明北京串铃一号、北京串铃四号、当地大车头、小车头均很感病,发病率63.1%～100%,天津小节瓜中等抗病,发病率0～16.7%,天津大青皮最抗病,发病率为0;药剂拌土育苗在前期有一定的防治效果,防效43.4%,至收获期时防效则为0,而生土育苗基本无效,发病率100%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently Chinese wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) plant death disease has been occurred seriously and is often destructive. The crop has not been planted for six years in more than 80% wax gourd planting regions. According to Koch’s rule, the pathogen of Chinese wax gourd plant death disease was identified as Fusarium oxysporum.It was suggested that the most satisfactory means is grafting. In the fields of continuous cropping Chinese wax gourd and crop rotation for six years, the disease rate is 0 in use of grafting, and can also increase the yield 30%-50%, but the disease rate of check (seeding plant) is 63.1%-100%. However, the quality and taste characteristics of Chinese wax gourd by grafting is the same as them of seed plant. Screening resistant varieties was carried out in the field. This result indicated that Beijing Chuanling No. 1, No.4 and two farm varieties ("dachetou and xiaochetou ") are quite high susceptible with high disease rate (63.1%～100%). "Tianjin xiaojieguo" is a middle resistant variety with the lower disease rate (0～16.7%). "Tianjin daqingpi " is the highest resistant variety with no disease. At the early growing stage, planting seedling in use of the soil treated with carbendazim has an effect on Chinese wax gourd Fusarium wilt with 43.4% control effect, but at the harvesting time, this method has no effect on the disease. Planting seedling in use of the soil from the wheat field has no effect on Chinese wax gourd Fusarium wilt.更多还原