【作者】 王伟； 唐文华； 黄永；

【Author】 WANG WEI TANGWen-hua HUANG Yong( Marine Boiprocess Engineering Institute, East China University of Science & Technology,200237,Shanghai;Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China; Department of CropSciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia)

【机构】 华东理工大学海洋生化工程研究所生物反应器国家重点实验室； 中国农业大学植物病理系； 悉尼大学作物科学系；

【摘要】 对来自新疆、甘肃、内蒙陆地栽培和北京、河北、山东等保护地栽培的厚皮甜瓜采后病害进行了系统调查,通过病原菌分离、致病性测定以及病原物鉴定,发现有7个种的Fusarium引起的镰刀菌果腐病;2个种Alternaria引起的链格孢斑点病;Ascochyta引起的黑腐病;2个种Rhizopus引起的软腐病;Trichothecium roseum引起的红腐病和Penicillium viridicatum引起的青霉果腐病等,其中Fusarium clamydosporum,和Fusarium sambuctinum为甜瓜上国内外首次报道。对来自不同地域的8个Ascochyta分离物进行RAPD分析,结果表明在种内,不同地域的Ascochyta遗传性具有一定的差异。通过对病原物的拮抗试验和对甜瓜的人工接种防病试验,筛选出了六种对甜瓜采前和采后病害具有较高防效的菌株。在内蒙古的河套蜜瓜主产区,使用配套的生物防治体系处理,可减少播种量20-40%、采前诱抗剂BTH处理,采后使用各种菌剂处理,均具有较好的防治作用,延长甜瓜保鲜期3-4周。更多还原

【Abstract】 An investigation on the postharvest diseases of muskmelon was made. The major postharvest diseases of muskmelon in China were found to be Fusarium rot (caused by Fusarium spp .), Alternaria rot (Alternaria spp.), Rhizopus rot(Rhizopus spp.), Black rot (Ascochyta spp.), Pink mould rot (Trichothecium roseum), and Blue mould rot (Penicillium viridicatum). Fusarium clamydosporum and Fusarium sambucinum were the first report on muskmelon. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were applied to identify genetic variations in the genus Ascochyta on melon collected from different area. The results showed that RAPD was used to determine the intraspecies or interspecies relationships among 8 isolates of Ascochyta from different origin. The geographic origin of each isolate of Ascochyta might have contributed to the genetic diversification revealed by RAPD analysis. Six biological control agents were screened and used to control the diseases at seedling and postharvest stages. The biocontrol system was comprised of treating seeds with bioagents, foliar spray of BTH and melon treatment with bioagents. The result showed that the treatments raised the rate of seedling stand by 20% to 40% and promoted the growth of plants, reduced the disease incidence of pewdery mildew, extended the shelf-life of muskmelon for 3-4weeks.更多还原