【作者】 简桂良； 卢美光； 孙涛； 杨伟； 陈大军；

【Author】 JIAN Gui-liang LU Mei-guang SUN Tao YANG Wei CHEN Da-jun (State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094)

【机构】 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室； 沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院；

【摘要】 利用7-8月夏季高温,采用地膜覆盖方法对被枯萎病和黄萎病菌污染的土壤进行消毒处理,以研究高温对土壤传播病菌的杀灭作用,通过温室种植感病品种鄂荆1号以测定其消毒效果,同时分离培养测定土壤的含菌量。结果表明,在气温达到30℃以上时,被地膜覆盖的土壤5-10cm地温可达到55℃左右; 经过90天的覆盖,土壤中枯萎病菌含量减少了28．33％,黄萎病菌含量减少81．1％;温室测定结果表明, 未经阳光消毒的对照土壤,枯萎病发病率达到100％,棉苗全部死亡,病情指数100;黄萎病发病率 94．92％,病情指数83．28,而经过30、60、90天的阳光消毒处理,枯萎病发病率分别为91．87％、70．31％、 75．69％,病情指数85．26、58．06、59．99;黄萎病发病率分别为81．08％、82．39％、89．33％,病情指数 63．76、63．75、58．63。试验表明,利用夏季的高温对被枯萎病和黄萎病污染的土壤进行消毒处理的结果是显著的,但仍无法彻底杀死土壤的所有病菌。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of sun ray to cotton Fusarium and Verticillium wilts were made, Using method that caved film to the soil that infected with Fusarium and Verticillium wilt pathogens during July and August by the high temperature, and lest the different soil pathogen content.The result show that when the air temperature was high than 30 ℃ the temperature that under the film 5 ~ 10 cm wae more than 55 ℃ , after 90 days film caved the Fusarium content decrease more than 28.3% , Verticillium content decrease more than 81.1%. using the susceptible cultivar to test the effect of sun ray to deserted the pathogens in greenhouse, the results showed that the CK soil all the cotton plants were infected, the Fusarium infected 100% , and all the plants were died, Verticillium wilt infected rate 94.92% , disease index 83.28, the treatment that sun ray deserted 30, 60, 90 days, the Fusarium infected were 91.87% , 70.31%, 75.69%, disease index were 85.26, 58.06, 59.99; Verticillium wilt infected rate 81.08%, 82.39%, 89.33%, disease index were 63.76, 63.75, 58.63. The result showed that, using the summer high temperature deserted the soil that infected by Fusarium and Verticillium wilt pathogens the effect was distinct, but do not kill all pathogens.更多还原