【作者】 段玉； 妥德宝； 赵沛义； 李焕春；

【Author】 Duan Yu Tuo Debao Zhao Peiyi Li Huanchun Plant Nutrition and Analysis Institute,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Huhhot 010031

【机构】 内蒙古农牧业科学院植物营养与分析研究所；

【摘要】 对6年8项次旱地马铃薯氮磷钾肥肥效试验,研究了施用氮磷钾化肥对马铃薯的施肥肥效及养分吸收利用特点。结果表明,增施氮肥（N）平均增产21.5%,每千克 N 增产马铃薯37.1 kg;增施磷肥（P₂O₅）增产20.2%,每千克 P₂O₅增产马铃薯51.0 kg;增施钾肥（K₂O）增产17.6%,每千克 K₂O 增产马铃薯41.5 kg。总的增产效果:氮肥的>磷肥>钾肥。8项次试验中增施氮肥的肥料利用率（N）为24.3%～45.2%,平均32.6%;增施磷肥的肥料利用率（P₂O₅）为7.5%～20.9%,平均15.7%。增施钾肥的肥料利用率（K₂O）为39.4%～92.6%。平均52.1%。平均生产1 t 马铃薯吸收 N 6.37 kg,吸收 P₂O₅为1.43 kg,吸收 K₂O 为5.77 kg。马铃薯淀粉含量以 PK 处理淀粉含量最高,其次是 NPK 处理,NP 和 NK 处理淀粉含量较低.马铃薯单株物质积累总量和日吸收养分量呈"单峰" 曲线,出苗后45～60 d 积累量最快,这一时期是马铃薯物质积累量从地上转向块茎的关键时期。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effects of N,P and K fertilizer on potato yield,nutrient uptake efficiency and starch content had been studied in the 8 field experiments with 4 treatments（NPK,PK,NK and NP）in the past six years （2002-2007）.The results showed that potato yield increases significantly by 21.5%,20.2% and 17.6% or 37.1 kg,51.0 kg and 41.5 kg/ha by applying per kg of N,P₂O₅ and K₂O respectively.The effect of N fertilizer was higher than K fertilizer and much higher than P fertilizer.The nutrient use efficiency（N.U. E.）of N,P₂O₅ andK₂O was 24.3%～45.2%,7.5%～20.9%,and 39.4%～92.6%,or 32.6%,15.7% and 52.1% in average respectively.In other words,it needs to uptake 6.37 kg N,1.43 kg P₂O₅ and 5.77 kg K₂O respectively to produce 1 ton potato tuber.Comparing the starch content,that of PK was the highest,the following were NPK,NP and NK.The relationship between accumulated dry matter per stand and daily nutrient uptake showed a single peak curve.The quickest stage of dry matter increase was 45～ 60 days after emergence when is the key stage of starch transferring from stem and leaves to the tuber.更多还原