【作者】 同延安； 王建； 马文娟； 高义民； 高鹏程；

【Author】 Tong Yah-an Wang Jian Ma Wenjuan Gao Yimin Gao Pengcheng College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Northwest A and F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China

【机构】 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院；

【摘要】 以10年生"秦美"猕猴桃树为试材,研究了猕猴桃树体生物量和各器官及茎和根的皮层、木质部钾含量和累积动态。探讨猕猴桃树钾素吸收、转运和分配规律。结果表明,猕猴桃树整株生物量从萌芽期(3月28日)到果实生长始期(5月18日)增加缓慢,在整个果实生长期(5月18至9月8日)快速增加到全年最高值14.32 kg,果实的收获和落叶使整株生物量大幅下降到10.94 kg,根系生物量年周期内增加较少。钾含量在猕猴桃树体各器官及部位近似表现为:果实>叶≥一年枝皮层≥两年枝皮层≥多年枝皮层≥主干皮层、根皮层;皮层>木质部;根木质部、一年枝木质部>两年枝木质部、多年枝木质部、主干木质部;细根>粗根。年周期猕猴桃树体吸收钾素的总量为 167.88 kg/hm~2(猕猴桃产量40.16 t/hm~2),果实收获期(9月8日)以后和结果前的5月18日前共吸收 43.18 kg/hm~2,整个果实生长期(5月18日到9月8日)吸收124.70 kg/hm~2,分别占总吸钾量的25.72%和 74.28%。从萌芽期(3月28日)到果实生长始期(5月18日)猕猴桃叶累积钾素17.16 kg/hm~2,其中53.15%来自于从外界的吸收,22.84%来自根的上年贮藏钾,24.01%来自茎的上年贮存钾。果实生长始期(5月18日)到果实迅速膨大末期(7月9日)是猕猴桃吸收钾素的高峰期,达到88.57 kg/hm~2,吸收钾素的97.71%供给了果实,此期从叶中转移出去了前期累积的31.03%。落叶期(11月6日)到休眠期(1月11日)猕猴桃树体将8.94 kg/hm~2钾素倒流回土壤中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potassium fertilizer is an important factor for the yield and quality production in kiwifruit trees. Biomass,potassium concentration and accumulation were studied in the cortex and xylem in different parts of field-grown Actinidia Deliciosa cv.Qinmei kiwifruit trees in 2005 and 2006 growing seasons in Shaanxi Province,China.The objective of this study was to find the dynamic variety of potassium uptake,trans- portation and distribution in different parts of the kiwifruit tree.The results showed that biomass of plant vegetated slowly from March 28 to May 18,and developed quickly from May 18 to September 8,and dropped rapidly after fruit harvested and defoliation in January 11,and Biomass of roots vegetated slowly in the whole year.Potassium concentration order in organs were fruits>leaves≥ cortex of one year branch≥cortex of two year branch≥cortex of limb≥cortex of trunk and cortex of roots>xylem of roots and xylem of one year branch>xylem of two year branch,limb and trunk.From March 28 to May 53.15% of potassium needed by leaves came from soil,22.84% came from root transportation,and 24.01% came from stem transportation.The potassium absorption capacity of plant is much more than other periods from May 18 to July 9,was 88.57 kg/hm~2.In this period,leaves transferred 31.03% of its potassium to other organs.Total 167.88 kg/ha potassium was absorbed in a year(harvest was 40 t/ha), 43.18 kg/ha~was absorbed from harvest season to May 18 and 124.70 kg/ha was absorbed in fruit growing period,accounted for 25.72% and 74.28% of total uptake respectively.更多还原