【作者】 章明清； 颜明娟； 陈防； 林琼； 陈子聪； 李娟；

【Author】 Zhang Ming qinga Yan Mingjuan Lin Qiong Chen Zhichong Li Juan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou 350013 China Chen Fan Wuhen Botanical Garden,Chinese Acaderny of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China)

【机构】 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所； 中国科学院武汉植物园；

【摘要】 土壤对养分的吸附特性是土壤化学和植物营养学的重要研究内容。9个供试土壤的 NH₄⁺、PO₄^3-和 K⁺吸附试验表明。Langmuir、Freundlish 和 Temkin 等温吸附方程对其有较好的拟合效果,但亦有部分供试土壤的拟合精度不良。本文引进种群生态学的"形状因子 d"概念,在 Langmuir 方程基础上构造了一个新的吸附模型。理论分析表明,新吸附模型综合反映了3个等温吸附方程所描述的吸附特征。模拟结果表明,等温吸附方程模拟不佳的供试土壤,用新模型模拟都能达到显著水平;新吸附模型的拟合精度（R²）高于3个等温吸附方程,且标准差最小.形状因子 d 的变化幅度在0.608 0～2.929 0,体现了土壤理化性质对 NH₄⁺、PO₄^3-和 K⁺等温吸附曲线形状的影响。新吸附模型和 Langmuir 方程的 NH₄⁺、PO₄^3-和 K⁺的 qm 值之间的线性相关系数分别为0.851 5^**、0.825 8^**和0. 912 8^**（n=9）。土壤理化性质分析表明,新吸附模型的 PO₄^3-和 K⁺的 qm 值与土壤有机质之间、土壤 NH₄⁺和 K⁺ 的 qm 值与 CEC 之间都有显著水平的线性正相关。NH₄⁺的 qm 值与土壤碱解氮含量亦呈显著水平的线性正相关, 而 PO₄^3-的 qm 值与土壤有效磷含量则呈显著水平的线性负相关。数学形式简洁的新等温吸附模型为采用统一模式定量处理土壤对 NH₄⁺、PO₄^3-和 K⁺的吸附特性提供了一条新途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nutrient adsorption characteristics of soil are important issues in the study of soil chemistry and plant nutrition.An experiment was carried out on NH₄⁺,PO₄^3-and K⁺ adsorption in 9 soils.Results show that Langmuir,Freundlish and Temkin isothermal adsorption equations described the sorptions quite well, but they were not perfect.A concept of"shape factord" of genecology was introduced to create a new ad- sorption model based on the Langmuir equation.Theoretical analysis indicates that the new adsorption model reflected comprehensively dynamic characteristics of the three isothermal adsorption equations.Sim- ulation results show that the soils which the three isothermal adsorption equations didn’t fit well,were well described by the new model.The new model was higher in simulation precision（R²）and lower in standard deviation than the three isothermal adsorption equations.Its shape factor "d" varied between 0.608 0～2.929 0,demonstrating effect of physical--chemical properties of the soils on shapes of NH₄⁺, PO₄^3-and K⁺ isothermal adsorption curves.The linear correlation coefficient between the new model and Langmuir equation in q_m values of NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3-and K⁺ was 0.851 5 **,0.825 8 ** and 0.912 8 ** （n=9）respectively,according to the new adsorption model,Soil physical-chemical analysis show signifi- cantly positive linear correlation between qm values of PO₄^3--or K⁺ calculated by the new model and soil or- ganic matter content,between q_mvalues of NH₄⁺ or K⁺ and CEC,and between q_mvalue of NH₄+ and soil a- vailable nitrogen as well,but significantly negative correlation between qm value Of PO₄^3-and available phosphorus in the soil.The new adsorption model,concise in mathematical form,provides a new approach to using a uniform model for quantification of NH₄⁺ PO₄^3-and K⁺ adsorption characteristics in soil.更多还原