【作者】 秦鱼生； 涂仕华； 孙锡发； 陈庆瑞； 冯文强；

【Author】 QIN Yu-sheng, TU Shi-hua, SUN Xi-fe, CHENG Qin-rui, FENG Wen-qiang (Soil and Fertilizer institute, SAAS, Chengdu 610066, China)

【机构】 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所；

【摘要】 无公害蔬菜生产是近年来我国政府和社会广泛关注的热点问题。然而,是否只有在施用有机肥而不是用化肥的条件下才能达到这一目的,在社会上引起了长期混淆,需要科学家们从不同的角度进行研究,提供充分的证据来说服和教育大众。作者以成都平原的主要蔬菜萝卜、大蒜为研究对象,探讨不同有机肥料和化肥对萝卜和大蒜的产量及硝酸盐的影响。结果表明,在等氮量的情况下,各种肥料处理对萝卜的增产作用依次为鸡粪>1/2鸡粪+1/2化肥>化肥>猪粪>牛粪,对蒜薹为化肥>1/2鸡粪+1/2化肥>牛粪>猪粪,对蒜头为1/2鸡粪+1/2化肥>化肥>牛粪>猪粪>CK>鸡粪。3种有机肥处理对萝卜、大蒜产量的影响差异显著,表明不同有机肥品种对不同蔬菜的适宜性和很强的针对性。两种蔬菜的硝酸盐含量在生长前期大大高于成熟期。并非有机肥生产出来的蔬菜其硝酸盐含量就一定低于化肥。无论是有机肥,还是化肥,合理施用都能生产出硝酸盐含量很低的蔬菜产品。有机肥和化肥的合理配合施用,既能提高蔬菜的产量,又能降低蔬菜的硝酸盐。更多还原

【Abstract】 Production of non-contaminating vegetables is a hot topic that has drawn great attention from the Chinese government and the society in recent years. A great number of people mistakenly believe that only organic fertilizers rather than chemical fertilizers are able to produce the non-contaminating vegetables, which has caused serious confusion. It therefore necessitates much research from different angles to provide scientific evidence to clarify the misconception and better educate the general public. Both turnip and garlic were used as the target vegetables to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on their yield and nitrate content. Results showed that when equal amount of N was applied to the vegetables with different fertilizer carriers, an increase in vegetable yield was observed in an order of chicken feces > 1/2(chemical fertilizer + chicken feces) > chemical fertilizer > pig dung > cow dung > CK for tumip, chemical fertilizer > l/2(chemical fertilizer + chicken feces) > cow dung > pig dung> >CK> chicken feces for the garlic bolt, and 1/2( chemical fertilizer + chicken feces) chemical fertilizer> cow dung > pig dung > >CK> chicken feces for the garlic head. There were significant differences in yields of two vegetables among the three organic fertilizers, indicating a strong suitability of different organic fertilizers to different vegetables. Nitrate content in the two vegetables was remarkably higher in the early growing states than in the later stages. It is not true that nitrate content in the vegetable receiving the organic was surely lower than that receiving the inorganic. Whether or not the N is the organic origin can produce the vegetable product with very low nitrate. Proper combination of the organic with the inorganic can not only improve vegetable yield but also reduce nitrate content.更多还原