【作者】 吕殿青； Ove Emteryd； 同延安； 张文孝；

【Author】 Lu Dian-qing Ove Emteryd Tong Yan-an Zhang Wen-Xiao(Resource and Environment College,North-West University of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences) (Department of Forestry Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)

【机构】 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院； 瑞典农业大学森林生态系；

【摘要】 通过陕北米脂黄绵土(Loessial soil)、关中杨凌填土(Cumulic cinnamonsoils)、陕南汉中水稻土(Paddy soils)大型氮肥田间试验、土壤剖面中NO3--N与NH4-+N系统测定和区域性土壤剖面中NO3--N与NH4-+N,含量调查测定结果表明,NH3-N挥发损失、NO3--N淋失和NO3--N反硝化损失是陕西境内氮肥损失的主要途径:由于NO3--N的淋失,在土壤深层剖面中出现了NO3--N的富集,在2～4 m深的土层中NO3--N富集量已占到0～4 m剖面中NO3--N总富集量的46%～53%,成为环境的潜在污染源;经调查,被NO3--N污染井数已达调查总井数的22%～30%,地表水NO3--N污染点达调查总点数的16%;大量试验证明,控制施N量和灌水量、采用N肥深混施、推广平衡施肥、应用有机无机粒状复合肥和先进农艺措施等,是当前提高N肥利用率减少N肥损失的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Summary Through the large scale of field experiments conducted in Shaanxi Mizhi Loessial soil, Guanzhong Yangling Cumulic cinnamon soil and Hanzhong paddy soil.systematic test of the NO3--N and NH4+-N content in experimental soil profile and regional soil survey, the following results have been obtained: The major ways of N loss in Shaanxi province are the NH3-N volatilization,NO3--N leakage and NO3--N denitrification, among them the leakage of NO3--N and denitrification of NO3--N are the most serious ways. Due to the N fertilizer application in unright way NO3--N already accumulated in deep soil profile by means of NO3--N leakage. The amount of NO3--N accumulated in 2~4 m soil layer occupied 40%~53% of total NO3--N in 0~4 m soil profile, which will become the potential sources of environmental pollution. According to the survey, the wells polluted by NO3~-N already reached up to 22%~30% of total wells, the sites where surface water polluted by NO3--N was 16% of total survey sites. Controlling the rate of N applied and amount of irrigation water, applying the N fertilizer in deep soil layer and mix with soil, balance fertilization, applying the granulated organic and inorganic complex fertilizer and using the advanced agricultural measures are the effective practices to increase the N efficiency and reduce the N loss at present.更多还原