【作者】 朱兆良；

【Author】 Zhu Zhao-liang(Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008)

【机构】 中国科学院南京土壤研究所；

【摘要】 对1949～1998年间有关资料的分析表明,氮肥施用量的迅速增加,虽然对粮食增产发挥了重要作用,但是,增产效用趋于降低,环境污染加重;文中定量估计了我国农田中氮肥的利用率、土壤中的残留量和损失率,农业中有机肥料氮的利用现状和氮素平衡,以及它们对环境的影响;分析了与此有关的农田中氮肥施用及农业中氮素管理方面所存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 SummaryIn the present paper the contribution of nitrogen fertilizer use to food production and the impacts of it on environment in China are reviewed. Results show that the rapid increase in nitrogen fertilizer input contributes substantially to the increase in food production during 1949~ 1998, however, the efficiency of it is descending and the environmental pollution of N is becoming serious. Quantitative estimations on the fate of chemical fertilizer N applied to farmland, the use of organic manure and the balance sheet of N in agriculture are presented, and their implications are discussed. The problems existed in the application of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen management are summarized and the strategies for the improvement are recommended.更多还原