【作者】 刘树庆； 王殿武； 文宏达； 高如泰； 谢建治； 胡艳霞；

【Author】 Liu shuqing, Wang dianwu, Wen hongda, Gao rutai Xie janzhi, Hu yanxia(Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001)

【机构】 河北农业大学资环系；

【摘要】 本文以冀西北坝上高原早地栗钙土长期有机无机培肥试验（8年）为材料,深入研究了该土有机无机培肥作用机理与长期培肥效应。结果表明,有机无机培肥不仅增加了土壤全量及速效NP养分,并提高了莜麦产量,而且还增加了总有机C、易氧化有机C、重组C、复合度、追加复合量和追加复合度以及松、稳、紧结合形态腐殖质与土壤酶活性和有机质活性,并与肥力及产量之间存有密切关系,分别达显著或极显著水平。这些容量指标和强度指标（酶活性,复合度等）的增强,不仅阐明了有机无机培肥作用机理而且也是标志培肥效果与评价土壤肥力的重要指标。根据其肥料效应函数,提出了旱砂地（A）和早滩地（B）的经济最佳施肥量为:单施N=61.9kg/hm²P₂O₅=53.3kg/hm²。当R=0～3时,其肥料的经济合理用量分别为53.6～61.9kg/hm²（N）和46.4～53.3kg/hm²（P₂O₅）;当与有机肥（M₁=22.5t/hm²）配施时其经济最佳用量为N₁=74.4kg/hm²和P₁=37.4kg/hm²,而其经济合理用量为N₂=68.4～74.4kg/hm²和P₂=28.5～37.4kg/hm²。单施N、P肥对产量的贡献率分别为N=50.9％和P₁=20.8％,故单施每千克纯N和每千克P₂O₅分别使莜麦增产7.09kg和2.40kg,NP肥配合的贡献率为55.1％～68.7％,而有机肥与NP肥配合的贡献率则为75.5％～79.1％。旱滩地由于基础肥力较高其增产效率及求得经济合理施肥量均略低于旱砂地。可见,有机无机肥料配合施用确是快速培肥土壤,提高旱栗钙土肥力,确保高产稳产的最有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 t The paper deals with Mechanism of improving soil fertility with organomineral fertilizers and effect of the fertilizer application for a long term expriment (8 years) in dryland chestnut soil in the Northwest plateau of Hebei province.The results showed that the applcation of N, P fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizer not only increased the total of N , P and available N , P and the Yield of naket oat or spring wheat, but also notable increased total organic carbon , easily organic carbon, hearvy carbon, content of organomineral explexing in original soil, (QC%), content of additional explexing (QAC%) and drgree of additional completing (DAC%), loose ( I ) and stable ( II ) and tight combining form of humus.soil enzym actilvity and organic matter’ s activity, in which the index displid significantly correlation between the soil nutrient and the yield of naket oat and spring Wheat. As a result it’ s some impertinent index to mark the effect and mechanism of improving soil fertility with organomineral fertilizers and to evaluate the soil fertility. According to function of fertilizers effect, the quantity of the best economic fertilization brought up in standy loam chestnut soil (A) and mindium loam meadow chestnut soil (B): as the fertilizers of N. P applied alone: N1=61.9kg.hm-2, P, (P2O5) = 53.3kg.hm2, but N, P fertilizers in combined with 22.5t hm-2 organic fertilizer applied N2 = 74.4kg.hm-2and P2 = 37.4kg.hm-2, as the quantity of economic rational N and P fertilizers was N1 ’ = 68kg. hm2and P2’ = 28.5kg. hm-2.When N and P fertilizers appiled alone the ratio of contribution to the yield was 50.9% of N (1kg N would increased the yield for 7.09kg) and 20.8% of P (1kg P2O5 would increased the yield for 2.4kg) and 73.3% of NP (1kg N increased the Yield from 7.09kg to 10.56kg, and lkgP205 in creased the yield from 2.4kg to 7.02kg) . And N, P fertilizers combined with the organic fertility increased the ratio of contribution to the yield was 75.5% - 79.1 % . Because of higher basal fertility in meadow chestnut soil , the effect of the fertilization and the yield and the quantily of economic rational N and P fertilization was decreased compared with the sandy loam chestnut soil.This shows it is the best effective way the soil fertility and to acquire high and stable yield.更多还原