【作者】 金学松； 温泽峰； 王开云；

【Author】 Jin Xuesong Wen Zefeng (State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University. Chengdu 610031, China)

【机构】 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 对国内外铁路钢轨波浪形磨损理论模型进行了简单述评。提出了车辆/轨道横向垂向耦合动力学、轮轨滚动接触力学和钢轨材料摩擦磨损模型为一体的钢轨磨耗型波浪形磨损计算模型,发展了相应的数值方法。模型中车辆结构和轨道下部结构简化成等效的质量、弹簧和阻尼系统,钢轨用Euler梁代替,并考虑它的垂向、横向弯曲变形和扭转变形。在轮轨蠕滑力和摩擦功计算方面,利用了修改的Kalker三维弹性体非Hertz滚动接触理论和相应的数值方法。轮轨材料摩擦磨损计算模型假设材料单位面积磨损量正比于轮轨接触面摩擦功密度。利用该模型和相应的数值方法分析了几个磨耗型波磨情况。该模型可以模拟轨道多种缺陷(轨缝、扁疤、凹坑、轨枕间距、随机不平顺等因素)引发的钢轨磨耗型初始波磨和发展规律,可以模拟由于钢轨在机械加工或打磨过程中形成的初始波磨的演化过程。通过对钢轨波磨的数值仿真和计算,可有助于进一步了解磨耗型波磨形成的机理;对通过改善轨道特性来消除或减少波磨的发生和发展有重要的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Published papers on theoretical models of rail corrugation are briefly reviewed. A theoretical model and its numerical method for rail corrugation attributed to material wear are put forward. The model considers a combination of a Non-Hertzian rolling contact theory of wheel/rail system, rail material wear model and a coupling dynamics of rail vehicle/track in the vertical and lateral directions. A passenger car and the structure under rails are replaced by systems consistiug of dampers, springs and equivalent mass bodies, and the Euler beam is used to model the rails counting for bending and twisting deformations. Kalker’s non-Hertzian rolling contact theory of three-dimensional elastic bodies is modified and used to calculate the creep forces and frictional work density on the contact patch of the wheel and rail. It is assumed that the material loss unit area of the contact patch is proportional to the frictional work density that determines the wear depth of the rail running surface. The present model and its numerical method are used to analyze two cases of the corrugation due to wear. They can be used to analyze the initiation and development of the corrugations caused by various track defects, such as track gap, scratch, dent, sleeper pitch, and random geometry irregularities. Also they are used to simulate an evolution of initial corrugation on rail running surface caused by manufacturing and grinding. Through numerical simulation of various rail corrugation cases with the model one can make a better understanding of rail corrugation mechanism. The present model and numerical method play an important role in the improvement of the track dynamical characters to investigate the initiation and development of rail corrugations.更多还原