【作者】 李宗礼； 冯起； 康国玺； 沈清林；

【Author】 Li Zongli~(1,2) Feng Qi~1 Liu guangxiu~1 Kang guoxi~3 Si Jianhua~1 Shen Qinglin~4 (1.Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China, 2.Water Resource Department of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China; 3.Management Bureau of Shiyang River Basin of Gansu Water Resource Department,Wuwei,733000,China)

【机构】 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所； 甘肃省水利厅； 甘肃省水利厅石羊河流域管理局；

【摘要】 民勤绿洲地处甘肃省石羊河流域下游,由于地表水资源不断大幅度减少,自1980 年代起持续超采地下水以维持生产和生活,绿洲内部形成了大范围的地下水位降落漏斗, 水位年均降幅值达1.0～1.2 m,地下水矿化度以年均0.12 g/L 的速度递升。大规模的持续超采对社会经济生态系统产生了生产成本上升、沙生植物枯萎死亡、防风固沙体体系急剧衰败、沙丘活化、荒漠化威胁日益加剧、人畜饮水困难、生态难民增多等多方面的、巨大的、深远的影响。针对其地下水持续超采、环境恶化等问题,分区域分析了地下水与干旱区生态植被系统的关系;在量化流域生态恢复目标的基础上,提出了建立民勤节水型生态特区的战略思路和对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Minqin Oases lies in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River in the east of the Hexi corridor of the Gansu Province,It is surrounded by desert on three sides,the climate is dry,the precipitation is low,and the evaporation is high.Since the 1950’s,the surface water is getting less and less.In the 1970’s the groundwater was greatly exploited.At present,the measure of carrying water is up to 5×10~8 ～6×10~8m~3/a.Great continuous exploiting for years causes the groundwater’s serious perennial over- draft.The falling range of groundwater level is up to 1.0～1.2m/a,the mineral degree of the groundw- ater increases at the speed of 0.12g/L·a.The great continuous perennial overdraft causes a set of so- cial,economic and ecological problems such as a lot of cultivate land becomes waste,the working condi- tions of pumps become worse and worse,the energy of carrying water increased,the rate of the wells scrap and the price of the well increased,the plants in the desert are withering and dying out.The des- ert has been moving and stretching little by little,men and animals have trouble in drinking water.It becomes the most representative area in the reaches of the dry inland river in the northwest.Obviously, it’s important to explore and solve water crisis.Because the Minqin oasis holds the important status in the country ecological security,it time to study and solve the problems like that the groundwater contin- ue to overdraft,the environment worsens,the oasis ecosystem in the brink of break-down and so on. This article analyzes the groundwater and the arid area ecology vegetation system relations through di- viding the zoner and proposed saves the Minqin oasis the key countermeasure:establishment water-sav- ing ecological special region basing on quantification restore goals,and has discussed on the establish- ment water-saving ecological special region concrete countermeasure.更多还原