【作者】 周学华； 王哲； 郝明途； 杨凌霄； 王文兴；

【Author】 Zhou Xue-hua1, Wang Zhe1, Hao Ming-tu2, Yang Ling-xiao1,Wang Wen-xing1 (1 Environment Research Institute of Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250100; 2 Shenzhen Environment Protection Monitoring Station, Shenzhen, 518008 )

【机构】 山东大学环境研究院； 深圳市环境保护监测站；

【摘要】 对济南市2005年春季大气颗粒物中PM₁₀、PM_2.5和细颗粒物中的黑碳气溶胶的浓度水平、时间分布和日变化进行了观测,并结合气象资料对变化特征进行综合分析,探讨了PM10、PM2.5和黑碳的相对含量以及对能见度的影响等。研究结果表明:PM₁₀和PM_2.5平均浓度分别为242.5μg/m³和109.4μg/m³,与我国空气质量二级标准PM10日均值150μg/m³和美国国家空气质量PM_2.5日均标准65μg/m³相比,超标率分别达到80.77%和84.61%;监测期间PM_2.5/PM₁₀的平均值为0.4561。黑碳气溶胶平均浓度为5.25×103ng/m³,日浓度变化呈双峰结构,占PM2.5的5.03%。在监测时间内,污染物浓度与温度无明显的相关性;与相对湿度呈弱正相关;与风速呈明显的负相关关系。降水对PM₁₀、PM_2.5和黑碳的清除作用较为显著。PM₁₀、PM_2.5和黑碳浓度与能见度均呈负相关,细颗粒物是影响能见度的主要因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pollution features and level of the concentration of the aerosol, temporal distribution and diurnal variation of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon in fine particles were measured during the spring of 2005 in Ji’nan. The average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 were 242.5μg/m3and 109.4μg/m3, respectively. According to China National Ambient Air Quality Standard Class II for PM10 of 150μg/m3 and EPA’s Standard for PM2.5 of 65μg/m3, the rates exceeding the standards were 80.77% and 84.61% for PM10 and PM2.5 respectively. The average concentration of black carbon in PM2.5 was 5.25×103 ng/m3 and the diurnal variation of black carbon shows double-peaks. The mass fraction of PM2.5 in PM10 and black carbon in PM2.5 were 0.4561 and 5.03%, respectively. A further statistical analysis with meteorological conditions showed that the concentration of particles was positively correlated with the relative humidity (RH) and significant negative correlated with the wind velocity, but not obviously correlated to the temperature. Rain makes an important role in the cleanup of the pollution. The correlation coefficient of the BC with the visibility was more than the ones of the PM10 and PM2.5. So the fine particles had more marked influence on the decrease of the visibility than coarse particles.更多还原