【作者】 王琪；

【Author】 WANG Qi (Meteorological Institute of Jilin province,Changchun 130062,China)

【机构】 吉林省气象科学研究所；

【摘要】 根据对国内粮食作物地膜覆盖栽培试验和应用情况论文的总结,得出:粮食作物地膜覆盖农田水热效应明显,提高地温、增加积温的效果显著,并在一定的时段和条件下有保持土壤水分、提高土壤墒情的作用,但覆膜后渗水能力较差,径流量相对增加;地膜覆盖的气候生态效应与天气、气候、土壤水分、作物种类和作物生长时期有密切关系,晴天和作物生长的前期增温效果显著,春季保墒效果明显。粮食作物地膜覆盖增产增收效果明显,一般可使单位面积产量提高20%～60%,但存在一定的地理差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Domestic articles on crop plastic mulching experiments and its applications were summarized in this paper. Crop plastic mulching in* creased soil temperature and accumulated temperature remarkably. The technique improved water preserve ability thus increased soil moisture in certain periods,however reduced water penetration ability and increased runoff. The climate-ecosystem effect of plastic mulching was closely re- lated to climate,soil moisture,crop species and crop growth period. Heat effect of crop plastic mulching was distinct in fine days or prophase of crops,and water preserve effect of the technique was distinct in spring. The technique was remarkable for increasing productivity of food crops. The technique generally raised 20%-60% yield of crops with considerable spatial variation.更多还原